In order to address increasingly serious global environmental problems and intensified international trade barriers as well as the promotion of production processes by enterprises for the improvement ...of environmental impacts, Type III environmental declaration has emerged in response to the proper time and condition and gradually developed into an important mean to solve environmental problems. This study, based on the principles and requirements stated in ISO 14025, takes ceramic tile products as the example to discuss about the formulation of technical specifications for life cycle assessment of the ceramic tile, in order to provide methodological basis and technical support for the formulation of technical specifications for the life cycle assessment of other domestic products as well as for the assessment of Type III environmental declaration. Acknowledgement Sources of project funds: 13th Five-year National Key R&D Plan “Study on Key Technologies for Certification of Green Products Used in Home Furnishing Field” (No. 2017YFF0211504)
The objective of this research is to develop a desirable type III environmental declaration format for the industrial consumer. A total of five different scenarios were chosen for the presentation of ...life-cycle assessment results in a format that meets the requirements of a type III environmental declaration. Life-cycle assessment of an electronic component was performed for this purpose. Environmentally significant impact categories and input/output items of a product system derived from the life-cycle assessment are presented in this format. Presenting these information concisely in a standardized format would accelerate the communication of environmental aspects of materials and components in a product supply chain. Thus the type III environmental declaration can be a useful instrument for the manufacturing of an ecoproduct.
ISO14025 and other components defined in the Japanese Type III environmental label, EcoLeaf, were reviewed. Feature of the EcoLeaf includes enhancement of efficiency of PCR generation, specification ...of generic data, and system certification. Definition of foreground data boundary and publication of similar products are current issues. As for overseas Type III program, Sweden EPD revised their program with almost same problem consciousness as EcoLeaf. The Sweden program publishes PCR in comprehensive product area, while number of label publication is quite smaller than EcoLeaf. East Asian countries have started participation to or development of Type III programs, e.g., China and Taiwan started in the field of building and electronic product respectively. In the near future of EcoLeaf, coordination with carbon footprint program, application regarding the EuP directive, and collaboration with East Asian countries are expected to be facilitated.
Typ III Umweltdekiarationen nach ISO 14025 (Environmental Product Declarations, EPD) informieren interessierte Kreise über die Umwelteigenschaften von Produkten. Sie stützen sich hauptsächlich auf ...Ökobilanzen nach ISO 14040ff, dokumentieren Ergebnisse als Sachbilanz- oder Wirkungsindikatoren und beschreiben somit das untersuchte und dokumentierte Produktsystem. ISO 14025 liegt seit September 2005 als FDIS vor. Das Konzept EPD hat vornehmlich im Bausektor bereits einen Markt gefunden und spielt eine nicht unerhebliche Rolle in der Europäischen Integrierten Produktpolitik, etwa zur Dokumentation umweltbezogener Produktentwicklungen oder als Dokumentation für die umweltfreundliche Beschaffung. EPD bieten die Möglichkeit, die Ergebnisse einer Produktökobilanz nach ISO 14040ff in standardisierter, vergleichbarer Weise zu kommunizieren. ISO (FDIS) 14025 beschreibt den Weg zur Erarbeitung und Dacstellung konsistenter und vergleichbarer Datensätze. Drei Ebenen, für welche die Norm Anforderungen vorgibt, werden im folgenden Beitrag erläutert: 1. Randbedingungen für Deklarationsprogramme und für die Übetprüfung der Deklaration. 2. Festlegung detaillierter Regeln der Ökobilanzierung gemäß ISO 14040ff sowie ergänzender Informationsanforderrungen für definierte Produktkategorien in PCR-Dokumenten (Product Category Rules). 3. Erarbeitung und Dokumentation von EPD nach den PCR Anforderungen. Nach etlichen Jahren entwicklungsbegleitender Normung liegt mit der neuen Norm ISO (FDIS) 14025 eine systematisches Konzept zur Darstellung von Ökobilanzergebnissen in EPD vor. Die Ökobilanzierung als systematischer Ansatz zur Abschätzung der Umwelteigenschaften von Produktsystemen wird damit aus der Sphäre der Wissenschaft weiter in die praktische Anwendung getragen. Die Beteiligung von Ökobilanzfachleuten in ISO Typ III Deklarationsprogrammen ist essentiell. Zur Erreichung der Konsistenz von EPD unterschiedlicher Branchen besteht ein enormer Abstimmungsbedarf. Teilbereiche zeigen, dass dies möglich ist. Eine wichtige Teilaufgabe ist die Entwicklung von Qualitätskriterien für die Modellierung von Produktsystemen sowie für die zur Bilanzierung verwendeten Datensätze. Zur kostengünstigen und unbürokratischen Gewährleistung der Akzeptanz von EPD (Vertrauen in die Angaben, z.B. auf Grund einer unabhängigen Prüfung; Transparenz des Verfahrens; Beteiligung interessierter Kreise an wesentlichen Entscheidungspunkten) müssen weitete Erfahrungen in der Praxis gesammelt werden. Zur transparenten Darstellung und sachgerechten Anwendung von EPD besteht Schulungsbedarf, sowohl für KMU, die EPD für ihre Produkte erarbeiten wollen, als auch für die Nutzergruppen von EPD. Type III Environmental declarations (Environmental product declarations, EPD) are intended to inform interested parties about the environmental performance characteristics of products. They are based mainly on LCA according to ISO 14040ff, provide its results as inventory or impact category indicators and thus describe the product system under investigation. ISO 14025 is out for ballot as FDIS. The concept of EPD has found a market in particular in the construction sector. It has a considerable part in the European Integrated Product Policy, e.g. documentation of improvement in design for environment, documentation of compliance with green procurement requirements. EPD are a means to communicate the results of a LCA-study according to ISO 14040ff in a comparable and harmonised way. ISO (FDIS) 14025 describes how to develop and document consistent and comparable data sets. This report exemplifies three levels in the development of EPD for which the standard provides requirements. 1. Framework for the development of an EPD program including verification procedures for EPD. 2. Defining the rules for conducting the LCA according to ISO 14040ff as well as additional information for defined product categories (product category rules). 3. Development and documentation of EPD according to the PCR. After quite a few years of standardisation work the new standard ISO (FDIS) 14025 will provide a systematic approach to documenting and communicating LCA results in an EPD. This will support propagating LCA from its academic origin to a practical tool for the assessment of the environmental performance of a product system. An essential part will be the participation of LCA experts in EPD programs. An enormous effort for developing appropriate conventions will have to be taken by all interested parties to come up with consistent and comparable EPD in different branches. In some areas defining such conventions has been shown to be possible. An important part is the development of quality criteria for modelling as well as for the databases used to calculate the LCA. To find sufficient credibility at economically acceptable conditions with a minimum of bureaucratic effort more practical experience will have to be gained. This holds especially for the trust in the EPD results based on the independence of the review, transparency of procedures and the participation of interested parties. There is a demand on education for SME developing EPD for their products as well as for the users of EPD on how to document EPD transparently and apply them properly.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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