Aims
Negative and positive urgency are emotion‐related impulsivity traits that are thought to be transdiagnostic factors in psychopathology. However, it has recently been claimed that these two ...traits are closely related to each other and that considering them separately might have limited conceptual and methodological value. The present study aimed to examine whether positive and negative urgency constructs constitute separate impulsivity traits.
Methods
In contrast to previous studies that have used latent variable approaches, this study employed an item‐based network analysis conducted in two different samples: a large sample of non‐clinical participants (N = 18,568) and a sample of clinical participants with psychiatric disorders (N = 385).
Results
The network analysis demonstrated that items denoting both positive and negative urgency cohere as a single cluster of items termed “general urgency” in both clinical and non‐clinical samples, thereby suggesting that differentiating positive and negative urgency as separate constructs is not necessary.
Conclusion
These findings have important implications for the conceptualization and assessment of urgency and, more broadly, for future research on impulsivity, personality, and psychopathology.
Within the last decade a new economic paradigm has emerged that emphasizes the variability in economic strategies the pre‐Hispanic Maya employed. Among the most important developments is the ...discovery of marketplaces at several Classic Maya (250–900 CE) sites. Investigations into them and into market systems continue to fuel research, but invite broader consideration of what the presence of marketplaces might mean for regional systems of provision and control. The settlement densities revealed by new lidar data add urgency to this quest. Researchers should also consider the role of merchants, which is looming larger in our views of the pre‐Hispanic Maya world. This article examines the implications of the preliminary identification of a marketplace at the city of Maax Na for economic activities, actors, and market systems in the Three Rivers Region of Guatemala and Belize.
Under heightened emotional states, individuals are more inclined to engage in ill-considered or rash actions than at other times. The authors present evidence for the existence of 2 related traits ...called positive and negative urgency. The traits refer to individual differences in the disposition to engage in rash action when experiencing extreme positive and negative affect, respectively. The authors provide evidence that these traits are distinct from other dispositions toward rash action and that they play distinct roles in predicting problem levels of involvement in behaviors such as alcohol consumption, binge eating, drug use, and risky sexual behavior. The authors identify facilitative conditions for the emergence of the urgency traits from neuroscience. Certain gene polymorphisms are associated with low levels of serotonin and high levels of dopamine; that pattern of neurotransmitter activity in a brain system linking the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala appears to facilitate the development of positive and negative urgency. The authors discuss the implications of this theory.
The work of good editing creates openings for others to express their own ideas. The world is such that—to put it in the language of game theory—we must play cooperatively in the academy. The urgency ...of things needing our attention and action does not leave time for us to play strategic games wherein we compete with those who would be allies in our striving toward the flourishing of all.
Building upon the article by Moore Hepburn et al. (2023), this rejoinder acts to reinforce the inadequacy of current drug labelling laws and the urgency of the need for improved paediatric drug ...regulation in Canada. To facilitate a path forward, specific examples of success in other trusted foreign jurisdictions are provided. A call to educate parents and the public about the current lack of paediatric drug labelling and the ways that multi-stakeholder groups can work together to ensure safe and effective pharmacotherapy for Canadian children are highlighted.
Highlights • This invited paper provides a review of urgency theory. • First, the authors reviewed empirical evidence related to urgency theory as specified by Cyders and Smith (2008, Psychological ...Bulletin). • Second, the authors discussed new advances in urgency theory. • Third, the authors suggested new directions for urgency research.
Previous work has shown that the vaginal microbiome decreases in Lactobacillus predominance and becomes more diverse after menopause. It has also been shown that estrogen therapy restores ...Lactobacillus dominance in the vagina and that topical estrogen is associated with overactive bladder symptom improvement. We now know that the bladder contains a unique microbiome and that increased bladder microbiome diversity is associated with overactive bladder. However, there is no understanding of how quickly each pelvic floor microbiome responds to estrogen or if those changes are associated with symptom improvement.
This study aimed to determine if estrogen treatment of postmenopausal women with overactive bladder decreases urobiome diversity.
We analyzed data from postmenopausal participants in 2 trials (NCT02524769 and NCT02835846) who chose vaginal estrogen as the primary overactive bladder treatment and used 0.5 g of conjugated estrogen (Premarin cream; Pfizer, New York City, NY) twice weekly for 12 weeks. Baseline and 12-week follow-up data included the Overactive Bladder questionnaire, and participants provided urine samples via catheter, vaginal swabs, perineal swabs, and voided urine samples. Microbes were detected by an enhanced culture protocol. Linear mixed models were used to estimate microbiome changes over time. Urinary antimicrobial peptide activity was assessed by a bacterial growth inhibition assay and correlated with relative abundance of members of the urobiome.
In this study, 12 weeks of estrogen treatment resulted in decreased microbial diversity within the vagina (Shannon, P=.047; Richness, P=.043) but not in the other niches. A significant increase in Lactobacillus was detected in the bladder (P=.037) but not in the vagina (P=.33), perineum (P=.56), or voided urine (P=.28). The change in Lactobacillus levels in the bladder was associated with modest changes in urgency incontinence symptoms (P=.02). The relative abundance of the genus Corynebacterium correlated positively with urinary antimicrobial peptide activity after estrogen treatment.
Estrogen therapy may change the microbiome of different pelvic floor niches. The vagina begins to decrease in diversity, and the bladder experiences a significant increase in Lactobacillus levels; the latter is correlated with a modest improvement in the symptom severity subscale of the Overactive Bladder questionnaire.
Doğa'da, ancak, değişikliğe uyum gösterenler yaşayakalırlar. Çağdaş küreselleşmedeki 'çekişim' karşısında, Kuruluşlar da değişen koşullara 'uyarlama' sağlamalıdırlar. Bu da 'sürekli öğrenme’ eylemini ...gerektirmektedir. Öte yandan, duygusal bir varlık olan Kişi, böyle bir uyarlamayı 'erteleme' eğilimindedir; onun için de, uygulamada bilinç-altı bir direnç gösterir. Bunu gidermek için, 'tüm-inandırım' yordamı kullanılmalıdır, Ancak o zaman, çalışacakların, gönülden onayı ve katılımı sağlanabilir. Tersi durumda, bütün usçul girişimler başarısızlığa yazgılı kalacaklardır.
Trait impulsivity has long been proposed to play a role in aggression, but the results across studies have been mixed. One possible explanation for the mixed results is that impulsivity is a ...multifaceted construct and some, but not all, facets are related to aggression. The goal of the current meta-analysis was to determine the relation between the different facets of impulsivity (i.e., negative urgency, positive urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking) and aggression. The results from 93 papers with 105 unique samples (N = 36, 215) showed significant and small-to-medium correlations between each facet of impulsivity and aggression across several different forms of aggression, with more impulsivity being associated with more aggression. Moreover, negative urgency (r = 0.24, 95% 0.18, 0.29), positive urgency (r = 0.34, 95% 0.19, 0.44), and lack of premeditation (r = 0.23, 95% 0.20, 0.26) had significantly stronger associations with aggression than the other scales (rs < 0.18). Two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling showed that these effects were not due to overlap among facets of impulsivity. These results help advance the field of aggression research by clarifying the role of impulsivity and may be of interest to researchers and practitioners in several disciplines.
•The goal this meta-analysis was to determine the relation between the different facets of impulsivity and aggression•Results showed significant positive associations for all facets of impulsivity•The associations were stronger for urgency and lack of premeditation•These results may be of interest to researchers and practitioners in several disciplines
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