Bladder cancer is among the top ten most common cancer types in the world, with approximately 550,000 new cases annually. The highest burden of bladder cancer is currently falling on most developed ...communities across the globe. But with an anticipated shift in world demographics with growing and aging populations mainly on the African continent, and important shifts in exposure to different risk factors across the world, this is likely to change over the next decades. In this review, we provide an overview of the current incidence, mortality, prevalence, survival, risk factors and costs of bladder cancer worldwide.
Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. While the clinical approach to BCa has remained largely unchanged for many ...years, recent discoveries have paved the way to a new era of diagnosis and management of the disease. BCa-specific mortality started to decrease in the regions with a wide range of activities leading to greater social awareness of the risk factors and the decline in carcinogenic exposure. The urologic community refines the role of transurethral surgery towards more rigorous and high-quality techniques. New agents have been approved for patients with BCG failure who faced radical cystectomy so far. Although radical removal of the bladder is the gold standard for muscle invasive cancer management, the extent and clinical value of lymphadenectomy is currently heavily challenged in randomized trials. Furthermore, alternatives to perioperative chemotherapy have arisen to increase the likelihood of complete treatment delivery and successful oncological outcomes. Finally, improvements in molecular biology and our understanding of tumorigenesis open the era of personalized medicine in bladder cancer. In the present review, the status and future directions in bladder cancer epidemiology, diagnosis and management are thoroughly discussed.
Background: Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is a disease quite common in developed countries; however, its incidence is increasing in developing countries as well. The diagnosis of UBC is generally ...based on a number of methods, of which urinary cytology is a very commonly used one. But it is not very reliable. Therefore many new markers and methods are being investigated to make non-invasive diagnosis of UBC easy and reliable.
Objective: This study was carried out to find the usefulness of microRNA (miRNA)-10a as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in non-muscle-invasive urinary bladder carcinoma.
Material and Method: Twenty patients with UBC were taken as cases with 20 controls. Urine cytological examination was done, as well as histopathological examination of tumor tissue of cases. Urinary miRNA-10a estimation of both the cases and controls were done.
Result and Conclusion: It was found that miRNA-10a is significantly high in urine of patients with UBC. Its value also significantly correlated with the grade and stage of the tumor. Hence it can be concluded that urinary miRNA-10a is a potential candidate in the diagnosis and prognosis of UBC.
Abstract Context Previous studies have reported substantial worldwide regional variations in bladder cancer (BCa) incidence and mortality. Objective To describe contemporary international variations ...in BCa incidence and mortality rates and trends using the most recent data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Evidence acquisition Estimated 2008 BCa incidence and mortality rates for each country by sex were obtained from GLOBOCAN. Recent trends in incidence for 43 countries and in mortality for 64 countries were assessed by join-point model using data from the IARC's Cancer Incidence in Five Continents and from the World Health Organisation's mortality database, respectively. Evidence synthesis The highest incidence rates for both men and women are found in Europe, the United States, and Egypt, and the lowest rates are found in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, and South America. Mortality rates are highest in parts of Europe and northern Africa and lowest in Asia, Central America, and middle Africa. Incidence rates among men decreased in 11 of 43 countries (46 registries) (North America, western and northern Europe), remained stable in 20, and increased in 12 countries (southern, central, and eastern Europe). Among women, incidence rates decreased in 10 countries, stabilised in 22 countries, and increased in 12 countries. Mortality rates among men decreased in 32 of 65 countries (throughout all world regions except Central and South America), stabilised in 30 countries, and increased in 3 (Romania, Slovenia, and Cuba). Among women, mortality rates decreased in 24 countries, remained stable in 36 countries, and increased in 5 countries (central and eastern Europe). Conclusions Incidence and mortality rates in general decreased in most Western countries but increased in some eastern European and developing countries. These patterns in part may reflect differences in the stage and extent of the tobacco epidemic, changes in coding practices, prevalence of schistosomiasis (Africa), and occupational exposure.
Diagnostic Role of Survivin in Urinary Bladder Cancer Srivastava, Anupam Kumar; Singh, Pankaj Kumar; Srivastava, Kirti ...
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP,
01/2013, Letnik:
14, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Neuroendocrine bladder carcinoma is considered a rare variant (<1%) with highly aggressive potential. Because of the rarity of its presentation, available data are mainly from published case reports. ...A 40-year-old male presented with painless hematuria for the past 3 months. After evaluation, he underwent radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection with urinary diversion. Histopathology from the postoperative specimen was suggestive of high-grade carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (CK-focal positive, synaptophysin-focal positive, GATA-3, CD-56 positive and Ki-67 85%–90% chromogranin A-negative) stage pT4bN2M0. The case was discussed in the multidisciplinary tumor board and was planned for adjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin (75 mg/m2) and etoposide (100 mg/m2) Repeated every 21 days. He completed six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy and was on follow-up. Within 3 months of completing adjuvant therapy, he presented again with a complaint of hematuria and on evaluation found to have a localized recurrence, following which he received radical chemoradiotherapy and is now on follow-up. Our case provides evidence to think us in new dimension, with chemotherapy in adjuvant and radiation in salvage settings instead of adjuvant settings.
Lymph node metastasis from bladder cancer mainly involves the external/internal iliac and obturator nodes as the primary lymphatic drainage sites of the bladder, and common iliac sites as the ...secondary drainage. Lymph node involvement above the diaphragm is rare. Metastasis to the head and neck region is associated with poor prognosis and low survival rate. Herein, we report a case of cervical cutaneous and lymph node metastases in a patient with bladder cancer. This is a rare case of advanced urothelial carcinoma presenting as an aggressive inflammatory process with extensive lymph node involvement, without bony or visceral metastasis.
Epidemiology of urothelial carcinoma Miyazaki, Jun; Nishiyama, Hiroyuki
International journal of urology,
October 2017, Letnik:
24, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The epithelium lining is defined as the mucosal surfaces of the renal collecting tubules, calyces and pelvis, as well as the ureter, bladder and urethra. The term “urothelium” is used to refer to ...these surfaces. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is a rare subset of urothelial cancers with a poor prognosis. Urinary bladder cancer is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system. Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is more common in men than in women, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 2:1. The incidence of urinary bladder cancer is also higher in men. Cigarette smoking and occupational exposure are the main upper tract urothelial carcinoma and urinary bladder cancer risk factors, while other factors are more specific to the carcinogenesis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (i.e. Balkan endemic nephropathy, Chinese herb nephropathy). In Egypt until recent years, urinary bladder cancer was the most frequently diagnosed cancer due to Schistosoma haematobium. Substantial knowledge exists regarding the causes of upper tract urothelial carcinoma and urinary bladder cancer, and epidemiological studies have identified various chemical carcinogens that are believed to be responsible for most cases of urothelial carcinoma. In the era of precision medicine, genetic effects might play a direct role in the initiation and progression of urothelial carcinoma.
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