Intermitentna klavdikacija je najpogostejši simptom periferne arterijske bolezni (PAB), ki se običajno izrazi kot stiskajoča bolečina v mišičju spodnjih udov med hojo, ki s počitkom izgine. ...Intermitentna klavdikacija okrni kakovost življenja pri bolnikih s PAB. Veljavne smernice priporočajo nadzorovano vadbo hoje kot zdravljenje prve izbire pri bolnikih s PAB. Telesna vadba olajša simptome, podaljša t.i. klavdikacijsko razdaljo, prehojeno razdaljo brez intermitentne klavdikacije, obenem pa je s svojimi sistemskimi učinki na srce in žilje ter presnovo ukrep, ki lahko izboljša preživetje in olajša obvladovanje srčno-žilnih dejavnikov tveganja. Programi nadzorovane vadbe naj bi trajali vsaj 3 mesece, se izvajali vsaj 3-krat na teden, posamezne vadbe pa naj bi trajale 30 do 60 minut. V nadaljevanju opisujemo protokole različnih programov nadzorovane vadbe, ki so se izkazali kot učinkoviti pri izboljšanju prehojene razdalje ter kazalnikov srčno-žilnega zdravja pri bolnikih s PAB.
Izhodišče: Joga sodi med najbolj priporočljive oblike telesne dejavnosti nosečnic. Ni povsem jasno, ali so koristi vadbe joge v nosečnosti večje od koristi drugih oblik telesne dejavnosti. Namen ...članka je predstaviti sistematični pregled randomiziranih raziskav, ki so učinke vadbe joge primerjale z učinki drugih oblik telesne dejavnosti v nosečnosti.
Metode: Pregledali smo zbirko Medline. Uporabili smo deskriptorja iz tezavra Medical subject headings (Mesh) joga (»yoga«) in nosečnost (»pregnancy«). Vključili smo randomizirane raziskave, objavljene med letoma 1996 in 2019, ki so vadbo joge primerjale z drugo obliko telesne dejavnosti v nosečnosti.
Rezultati: Od leta 1996 je bilo objavljenih 20 randomiziranih raziskav, ki so preučevale učinke joge na perinatalne izide. Le pet raziskav je primerjalo učinke joge z učinki drugih, za nosečnice priporočenih oblik telesne dejavnosti. V primerjavi z vodeno telovadbo ali redno hojo je bila vadba joge v nosečnosti povezana z manjšim tveganjem za duševne motnje, bolezni zvišanega krvnega tlaka, nosečnostno sladkorno bolezen, zastoj plodove rasti in prezgodnji porod.
Zaključek: Joga je varna oblika telesne dejavnosti v nosečnosti, ki ugodno vpliva na zdravje nosečnice in ploda. Do danes objavljeni podatki kažejo, da so koristi vadbe joge v nosečnosti lahko večje od koristi drugih oblik telesne dejavnosti.
Sindrom relativnega energijskega primanjkljaja se razvije pri otrocih in mladostnikih športnikih ob negativni energijski bilanci, ki je posledica nezadostnega vnosa energije glede na velike potrebe ...ob intenzivni telesni vadbi. Energijsko neravnovesje privede do motenj v delovanju več organskih sistemov. Pri otrocih in mladostnikih so posledice lahko dolgoročne in se kažejo kot neugoden vpliv na rast, pubertetni razvoj in zdravje kosti. Zgodnji prepoznava in obravnava sta tako v tej starostni skupini ključni. Zaradi pomanjkljive ozaveščenosti med mladimi športniki, njihovimi starši, trenerji in zdravstvenim osebjem ter nespecifične klinične slike bolezen pogosto spregledamo.
Background: Several studies showed that the addition of trunk muscle or core stability exercises in the sport training programs is an effective prevention of spinal and other musculoskeletal injuries. ...Methods: Twelve female basketball players performed supervised five-week exercise program focused on strengthening the trunk muscles. The program was performed three times per week during pre-season. Sorensen test, Fitnessgram Dynamic Curl-Up test, Prone Plank test and Side Bridge test were used to evaluate trunk muscles performance prior to and immediately after the exercise program completion and again after a three-month follow up period. Results: The results of Sorensen test and Prone Plank test significantly improved immediately after the program, but values returned to baseline at follow-up. In contrast, the results of Fitnessgram Dynamic Curl-Up test and Side Bridge test improved significantly with exercise program and remained significantly higher also at follow-up. Conclusions: Exercise program with emphasis on strengthening the trunk and core muscles can improve muscle performance, however, the results deteriorate shortly after program termination. In order to achieve long-term results, trunk and core muscle exercises have to be performed on regular basis, hence they must be incorporated into general strengthening programs of basketball players.
The ability to perform motor imagery has been shown to influence individual athletic performance and rehabilitation. Recent evidence supports its potential as a training tool to improve motor skills ...in children. Although there is a standardized assessment of the imagery abilities in Slovenian-speaking adults, there is currently no validated instrument for use with Slovenian children. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to conduct a linguistic validation study of the movement imagery questionnaire for children (MIQ-C).
A total of 100 healthy children (mean age 10.3±1.3 years; 50 female) were assessed with a Slovenian version of the MIQ-C at Day 1 and Day 8. Inter-day agreement was examined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Construct validity and internal consistency were assessed using a Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory - confirmatory factor analysis, respectively.
The test-retest ICC were very high for all three scales examined (ICCKI=0.90; ICCIVI=0.92; ICCEVI=0.90). Excellent internal consistency (up to 0.90) was found for kinaesthetic and both visual imageries. Confirmatory analysis confirmed a three-factorial structure of the MIQ-C.
The Slovenian version of the MIQ-C proved to be highly reliable and valid in assessing children's motor imagery abilities, and as such for use with Slovene-speaking children. Moreover, this standardized instrument can be a helpful tool in training and rehabilitation practice with children aged 7-12 years.
Variabilnost srčne ferkvence (angl. heart rate variability, HRV) je najpogosteje uporabljena metoda za oceno avtonomne regulacije srca. S tehnološkim razvojem komercialnih merilcev srčnega utripa in ...pripadajočih računalniških programskih sistemov, ki omogočajo verodostojno izračunavanje, se je uporaba metodologije preselila iz kardioloških laboratorijev in specialističnih ambulant v vsakodnevno prakso rekreativnih športnih navdušencev, profesionalnih športnikov in trenerjev. Prav zato se vse več slovenskih zdravnikov pri svojem vsakdanjem kliničnem delu srečuje z vprašanji o fizioloških osnovah HRV, o načinih njenega določanja in o pravilni interpretaciji analiz. Namen članka je zato razložiti osnovne fiziološke mehanizme variabilnosti srčne frekvence, opisati konvencionalne in novejše analize in kazalnike ter opredeliti in pojasniti spremembe srčne frekvence v različnih fizioloških in patoloških stanjih organizma.
Abstract Background The application of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) improves functional capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at all ...stages of disease severity. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of PR, performed through exercise training (PR-ET), on functional capacity and HRQoL in patients with stable COPD. Methods The meta-analysis was performed by including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving patients with stable COPD who participated in different types of PR-ET in which six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and/ or St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total scores (SGRQ) were measured. The data search was conducted in December 2020 and January 2021. Results The first meta-analysis showed a statistically significant positive effect (MD=31.73m; p<0.00001) of PR-ET on 6MWD. Similarly, the second meta-analysis found a statistically significant favourable effect of pulmonary rehabilitation through exercise training on SGRQ total scores (MD=-8.09; p=0.002). Conclusions PR, which includes several different types of exercise training, has a positive effect on the functional capacity and HRQoL of patients with stable COPD. Further studies should be conducted to determine the effects of home-based PR-ET and PR-ET >8 weeks on SGRQ total scores.
This paper aimed to review the effect of physical activity and exercise in frail older persons. As the process which leads to frailty and disability can be slowed down or even completely reversed, it ...can be appropriate for early interventions.
A literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Cinahl and UpToDate. The criterion in selecting the literature was that articles were published from 2002 to 2017. From 620,043 initial hits, 25 publications were selected.
Physical activity and exercise in frail elderly are effective and relatively safe and may reverse frailty.
Different exercise interventions in frail elderly persons can increase strength and power, improve balance and reduce fall incidence resulting in greater quality of life. From this perspective, physical exercise interventions should become daily routine in frail elderly persons.
Presnovne spremembe pri kaheksiji povzročajo pospešeno izgubo funkcionalnih tkiv v telesu, predvsem so prizadete mišice. Nezadostna telesna aktivnost in podhranjenost telesno propadanje še ...pospešujeta. Učinki vadbe pri bolnikih z rakom tako kot pri drugih kroničnih bolnikih neposredno zmanjšujejo negativen vpliv bolezni na telo. Z redno telesno vadbo v aerobnem območju se povečujejo funkcionalne sposobnosti obtočil, srca, mišic in presnovnih procesov, ki vodijo do večje vzdržljivosti telesa. Z vajami za moč pa se vzdržuje zmogljivost mišic in zavira njihovo propadanje.Telesna vadba naj bo redna, 3- do 5-krat na teden. Če je bolnik močno presnovno iztirjen in ima hudo prizadet imunski sistem, telesne vadbe ne priporočamo.
This unique resource presents current issues in sports and exercise medicine which outlines new areas of knowledge and provides updates on current knowledge in the broad field of sports and exercise ...medicine.Written by experts in their own sub-disciplines, Current Issues in Sports and Exercise Medicine discusses the physiology behind sports injuries and presents new and exciting approaches to manage such injuries. In addition, the book explores the relationship between exercise, health and performance by providing new information in areas such as exercise and immunity, the use of iron supplementation for performance, how exercise affects reactive oxygen species, and the proposed benefits of real and simulated altitude training.This book is well referenced and illustrated and will be a valuable resource for sports medicine specialists, physiologists, coaches, physical conditioners, physiotherapists and graduate and medical school students.
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