Ustrezno izvajanje ukrepov za obvladovanje problematike onesnaženosti prostora je v veliki meri odvisno od nepretrganega spremljanja trenutnega stanja okolja. Zakonsko predpisane preiskave v ...Sloveniji večinoma temeljijo na spremljanju fizikalnih in kemijskih kazalcev. Ker s takimi analizami ne moremo ugotoviti biološkega učinka, medsebojnega vpliva posameznih sestavin v vzorcu in bioaktivacije, je za celovitejši pregled mehanizmov in intenzivnosti vplivov okolja na organizme kemijsko fizikalne podatke potrebno dopolniti še z rezultati bioloških testov za toksičnost in genotoksičnost. V tej raziskavi smo preizkusili primernost komercialnega testnega kita za ugotavljanje toksičnosti Thamnotoxkit FTM s sladkovodnim rakcem Thamnocephalus platyurus, primernost mikrobnega testa Ames s sevi TA97, TA98 in TA100 bakterije Salmonella typhimurium in kometnega testa z evkariontskim mikroorganizmom Tetrahymena thermophila za ugotavljanje genotoksičnosti. Z izbranimi biotesti smo ovrednotili toksičnost in genotoksičnost vzorcev jezerske vode iz vzorčnih lokacij v Šaleški dolini in biološke učinke primerjali z izmerjenimi fizikalno-kemijskimi parametri.
The idea of this book was born due to the rapid increase of the interest in excellence of agricultural production in the aspect of both – the quality of raw material for food production as well as in ...the aspect of environment protection. Agrophysics is a field of science that focuses on the quality of agriculture as a whole i.e. the interaction between human and environment, especially the interaction between soil, plant, atmosphere and machine. Physics with its laws, principles and rules is a good tool for description of the interactions, as well as of the results of these interactions. Some aspects of chemistry, biology and other fields of science are also taken under consideration. This interdisciplinary approach can result in holistic description of processes which should lead to improvement of the efficiency of obtaining the raw materials to ensure a sufficient amount of food, safe for human health. This book could be regarded as the contribution to this description. The reader can find some basic as well, as more particular aspects of the contemporary agriculture, starting with the soil characteristics and treatment, plant growth and agricultural products’ properties and processing.
While decades of space ventures have led to significant technological advances, space activities have also brought increasing environmental problems. This book examines the current international ...legal regimes in space law and environmental law in order to ascertain their applicability and efficacy in addressing environmental threats in the space sector. The research suggests mechanisms which could improve environmental protection in the sector and strengthen the environmental element in space law. These mechanisms include a variety of norm-setting strategies used in international environmental management. Special attention is drawn to the potential of environmental impact assessment in the space sector and to dispute resolution procedures. Like other areas of human activities, the space sector should accommodate both economic interests and environmental protection in line with the principle of sustainable development.
In order to improve the knowledge on environmental impacts of current production systems and to find the solutions to reduce the negative impacts effective multi-approach environmental assessment ...methodologies are required. The environmental impacts assessed in complex systems, such as agriculture and food production, are prone to higher uncertainties. Therefore, field-specific standardization of the assessment procedures based on multiple screening studies are required to make the assessment outcome less vulnerable. The procedure array pairing for the formation of production step emission inventory is an important methodological process in environmental impact assessment. Initial production data was coupled with specialized databases, models found in scientific literature and environmental category characterization guidelines in order to construct an environmental impact methodological framework specific to four case studies of traditional food production.
Analiza okoljskih vplivov dejavnosti agroživilskega sektorja je večplastno opravilo, ki nas pogosto privede do precej negotovih ocen. Oceno vpliva na okolje, v kateri hkrati obravnavamo več vidikov obremenjevanja okolja, lahko izboljšamo s področno-specifično standardizacijo postopkov presoje, ki temelji na podlagi konkretnih primerov iz proizvodnje. Oblikovanje nabora postopkov za pripravo emisijske evidence posameznih proizvodnih korakov je pomemben proces ocenjevanja vplivov na okolje. V našem delu smo eksperimentalne in proizvodne podatke podprli s specializiranimi zbirkami podatkov, modeli iz strokovne literature ter smernicami za karakterizacijo okoljskih kategorij. Predstavljen metodološki okvir smo oblikovali za oceno okoljskega vpliva štirih primerov iz proizvodnje tradicionalnih živil.
V Sloveniji postaja problematika komunalnih odpadkov vedno bolj aktualna, saj je ravnanje z odpadki eno najslabše rešenih nalog v okviru varstva okolja. Odlaganje na deponije je trenutno najbolj ...običajna praksa ravnanja s komunalnimi odpadki. Posledica neprimernega ravnanja z odpadki je tudi prekomerno sproščanje metana iz odlagališč, zato bo potrebno poiskati primernejše rešitve. V tej raziskavi smo ugotavljali, kakšna je potencialna produkcija metana iz organskih komunalnih odpadkov glede na njihovo različno granulacijo (delci različnih velikosti: >100 mm, 40–100 mm, 10–40 mm in <10 mm). Vzorcem smo predhodno določili delež organske snovi (OS), suho snov (SS), skupni organski ogljik (TOC), dušik po Kjeldahlu (TKN), NH4+ in C/N razmerje. Pred inkubacijo in po njej smo določili kemijsko potrebo po kisiku (KPK). Iz podatkov, pridobljenih v testu biokemijskega metanskega potenciala (BMP), smo izračunali naslednje parametre: kumulativno produkcijo metana, metanski potencial in izplen metana. Izkazalo se je, da velikost delcev pomembno vpliva na metanski potencial organskih komunalnih odpadkov in da bo le-te pred presnovo v bioplin potrebno zdrobiti.
Case studies of environmental impact assessment were performed for production steps of three traditional food production lines (dairy cow breeding, dry-cured ham, Brassica sp. growing) in order to ...examine the previously constructed methodological framework. The emission inventory was obtained on the basis of initial experimental data. The emissions were aggregated accordingly for the characterization to environmental impact categories. The contribution of studied process steps to several environmental impact categories was assessed (greenhouse gas emission, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, use of resources and use of agricultural land).
V tem prispevku predstavljamo končne rezultate ocenjevanja vplivov konkretnih primerov iz proizvodnih linij tradicionalnih živil na okolje. Na primerih uvajanja inovacij v proizvodnje linije v proizvodnji tradicionalnih živil (sir, pršut, cvetača) smo preverili ustreznost vnaprej vzpostavljenega metodološkega ogrodja za ocenjevanje vplivov na okolje. Na podlagi eksperimentalnih podatkov smo opravili popis emisij, iz popisa pa smo izračunali doprinos proizvodnih postopkov k posameznim kategorijam okoljskih vplivov. Glede na dostopnost in kakovost podatkov smo ocenili doprinos različnih postopkov pridelave k več kategorijam obremenjevanja okolja (izpusti toplogrednih plinov, prekurzorji kislega dežja, prekomerno kopičenje hranil v okolju, potencial za nastajanje ozonskih lukenj, raba kmetijskih površin in raba drugih virov).
The second 'green skills' forum organised by Cedefop and the OECD-LEED in February 2014 provided an open space for discussion between researchers, policy-makers, social partners and international ...organisations on skills development and training needs for a greener economy. The focus of this second staging of the event was 'green skills and innovation for inclusive employment growth'. The discussions were aimed at identifying obstacles and challenges lying ahead for the development of skills, education and training policies suitable to address the transition to greener and job-rich growth: to set out strategies, initiatives and policy approaches tackling key skills issues for green growth; compare methods and tools used in monitoring and evaluating developments in labour markets; indicate how research can support better targeted policy-making and skills strategies; and identify gaps in knowledge and provide guidance for future research and collaboration for transitioning to a low-carbon economy. (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku).
A bacterial model system (Pseudomonas putida DSM 50026) was used in this research to assess toxicity of the environmentally relevant concentrations of mercury species (MeHg and Hg(II)) that represent ...important pollutants of aquatic ecosystems at sites of industrial or mining activities. In addition to direct monitoring of bacterial growth, we also analyzed fatty acid profiles of exposed and non-exposed cultures to determine possible toxic effects manifested on membrane level. The results showed that exposure of P. putida to Hg(II) in concentrations of 0.2-200 μg/L did not have any significant effects on growth nor fatty acid composition of exposed bacterial culture. On the other hand, when bacteria were exposed to up to 1600-times lower concentrations of MeHg (0.12-12.5 μg/L), growth inhibition as well as significant changes in fatty acid composition were detected. Observed adaptive membrane changes due to MeHg exposure were similar to those associated with responses to organic solvents and some other membrane-disrupting compounds.
V raziskavi smo na bakterijskem modelu (Pseudomonas putida DSM 50026) analizirali strupenost okoljskih koncentracij anorganske (Hg(II)) in organske (MeHg) oblike živega srebra, ki predstavljata pomembna vira onesnaženja vodnih ekosistemov v bližini nekaterih industrijskih in rudarskih območij. Poleg neposrednega spremljanja bakterijske rasti smo analizirali tudi maščobnokislinske profile izpostavljenih bakterijskih kultur in jih primerjali s tistimi, ki živosrebrovima spojinama niso bili izpostavljeni. Rezultati so pokazali, da izpostavitev P. putida Hg(II) v koncentracijah med 0,2 in 200 μg/L ne inhibira rasti, niti ne vpliva na maščobnokislinsko sestavo bakterijskih membran. Nasprotno pa je izpostavitev celic do 1600-krat nižjim koncentracijam MeHg povzročila tako upočasnitev rasti kot tudi prilagoditvene spremembe na membranskem nivoju. Slednje so bile podobne kot tiste, opažene ob izpostavitvi bakterij organskim topilom in nekaterim drugim spojinam, ki motijo integriteto membran.
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Koper: nova mareografska postaja ob svetovnem dnevu voda, opazovanje morja, zunanjost postaje, notranjost in ...oprema, morska voda poplavila pločnik v pristanišču Pirana, opazovalna postaja v obliki velike boje na morju, izjave: Janez POLAJNAR, Agencija RS za okolje, Alenka MALEJ, Morska biološka postaja Portorož.- Original language summary:
Koper: ob svetovnem dnevu voda so v Kopru dobili novo mareografsko postajo, s katero bo mogoče spremljati in napovedovati vse pojave povezane z morjem.- Koper: On World Water Day, Koper got a new mareographic station which will enable it to monitor and predict all sea-connected phenomena.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Članek se na primeru zgornjega povodja reke Soče ukvarja s problematiko uporabe naravnih vrednot v turistične in rekreacijske namene. Predlagamo model ureditve rekreacijske rabe odseka reke Soče, ...izdelavo predloga formalnopravne ureditve upravljanja obravnavanega prostora in izdelavo režima upravljanja odseka reke Soče v rekreacijske namene, za kar smo izbrali najbolj obremenjeno območje povodja Soče v poletnih mesecih, to je devetkilometrski odsek Log Čezsoški–Trnovo ob Soči, in poskušali izdelati realen predlog trženja, predlog kontrole in predlog prostorske ureditve za zmanjšanje negativnih vplivov na okolje. Izbrana metodologija združuje znanje in prakse različnih strok, saj je treba tako kompleksno problematiko reševati v interdisciplinarni povezavi ekspertnih spoznanj. Naše glavno teoretsko izhodišče je bilo varstvo okolja, katerega cilj je varovati prostor kot vrednoto vsepovsod in v vseh njenih pojavnih oblikah. Namen varstva okolja je spodbujanje in usmerjanje takšnega družbenega razvoja, ki omogoča dolgoročne razmere za človekovo zdravje, počutje in kakovost njegovega življenja ter ohranjanje biotske raznovrstnosti. Na izbranem območju lahko povežemo prostor z vsemi njegovimi sestavinami in značilnostmi, športno rekreacijo in turizem ter dosežemo kakovostno življenje avtohtonega prebivalstva, dobro počutje gostov, varovanje naravnega okolja, omogočanje gospodarskega razvoja, ustvarjanja delovnih mest in dohodka.
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