Vitiligo is a disorder of the melanocytes that results in a dynamic spectrum of skin depigmentation. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, with data supporting several different hypotheses. ...Given its prominent phenotype, vitiligo has a significant negative impact on quality of life. Coupled with the chronic and incurable nature of the disease, this presents a formidable treatment challenge. Several treatment modalities have been instituted over the years, with varying efficacy. This chapter focuses on the use of ultraviolet light in vitiligo as an established therapeutic option.
This study investigated grade 4 learners' understandings about the Nature of Scientific Inquiry (NOSI) in primary schools within the South African context. A qualitative methodology was employed ...using a framework of five knowledge aspects about the NOSI in assessing learners' understandings about the ways scientists investigate the natural world. Four different school types and 152 grade 4 learners from South African primary schools participated in the study. Data were collected using the open-ended Views About Scientific Inquiry-Elementary (VASI-E) questionnaire.Findings from data analysis indicated that, over 70% of grade 4 learners held naïve understandings about all five aspects of the NOSI investigated in the study. The findings also revealed some observed differences in NOSI understandings across the different school types. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that, there is a need for primary school learners to acquire baseline knowledge about the NOSI by engaging in learning tasks that scaffold their understandings on how scientific knowledge is generated. Also, that the NOSI should be explicitly addressed by involving learners in inquiry activities on questioning, data collection, observation, and interpretation. These findings have direct implications for primary school teachers and teacher educators for enacting science as inquiry.
•Microemulsion based gel (MBC) of clobetasol propionate (CP) was formualated.•MBC was characterized by ex vivo permeation studies, rheological parameters and pilot clinical studies.•MBC showed good ...retention in skin layers which was confirmed by CLSM studies and dermatopharmacokinetic studies.•MBC was able to form repigmentation of patches in vitiligo patients.
Vitiligo is a non contagious acquired pigmentation disorder with limited treatment possibilities. Clobetasol propionate (CP) is the drug-of-choice for vitiligo which suppresses the immune system by reducing immunoglobulin action and causes the restoration of melanocytes leading to repigmentation of skin. However, despite being effective, its low and variable bioavailability prompt for development of novel carrier that could effectively target CP to site of action without producing undesirable side-effects. Low solubility of CP in subsequent poor in vivo bioavailability was overcome by formulating microemulsion based gel of CP (MBC) which would enhance the percutaneous transport of CP into and across the skin barrier. Comprehensive characterization of MBC was carried out for viscosity, gel strength and rheological behavior. In vitro studies revealed much higher drug release, skin penetration and enhanced skin accumulation as compared to control (Cream of CP). In vitro and in vivo occlusion studies demonstrated similar occlusiveness for MBC and control. MBC exhibited 3.16 times higher stratum corneum CP levels compared to control. Visualization of cutaneous uptake in vivo using laser scanning microscopy confirmed targeting of CP to epidermis and dermis. Dermatopharmacokinetic studies of MBC showed enhanced drug deposition of CP in skin layers. MBC was assessed for in vivo efficacy by single blind randomized pilot clinical study. The efficacy was assessed by vitiligo area scoring index (VASI) method. After completion of trial, repigmentation of vitiligo patches in patients were evaluated and scored. MBC was superior in terms of faster repigmentation and efficacy when compared with control (p value<0.5). Hence, it was concluded that CP loaded MBC possess enhanced skin localization as well as therapeutic activity in vitiligo patients.
Prispevek v uvodnem delu prinaša pregled zgodovine raziskav prazgodovinskih najdišč na Notranjskem. V nadaljevanju so predstavljene tri arheološke lokacije, ki dobro zaobjamejo pozno bronasto in ...starejšo železno dobo notranjske halštatske skupnosti. Strateško pozicijo v sklopu Postojnskih vrat je imela v pozni bronasti dobi ali morda še nekoliko prej naselbina na Soviču nad Postojno. Naselbina na Cvingerju pri Dolenji vasi pri Cerknici je verjetno nastala med 10. in 9. st. pr. n. št. nad ponikalnico Velika Karlovica na obrobju Cerkniškega jezera. Prispevek se zaključi s predstavitvijo najdišča na Trnovem pri Ilirski Bistrici, kjer je bilo leta 1978 raziskano grobišče. Predstavljeni so grobovi, ki nakazujejo časovni okvir pokopovanja med 9. in 6. st. pr. n. št.
El presente artículo analiza las ollas con forma de stamnos a colletto, vasos contenedores realizados en Etruria durante la época helenística. Estos vasos se caracterizan por tener un canal circular ...en el hombro, por eso es posible asociar esta forma cerámica con la de los potes meleiros ibéricos y con la de los melopitari grecos. Por eso, las ollas tienen que considerarse específicos contenedores para conservar la miel.
it L’articolo esamina le olle stamnoidi a colletto, vasi realizzati in Etruria in età ellenistica. La presenza del colletto sulla spalla, uno spazio vuoto delimitato da un cordone plastico, è un elemento che accomuna questa forma vascolare ai potes meleiros iberici e melopitari greci. Come questi, anche le olle stamnoidi possono quindi essere considerate specifici contenitori per lo stoccaggio di miele.
The value of a library can be defined only through the bibliographic project underpinning its existence, the influence of this project on other libraries, and the efficacy of its “book vessel” (vaso ...librario) in illustrating concretely the noetic synthesis of the cognitive universe represented by the books. In this context, the library of the Franciscans of Monteripido in Perugia is certainly a peak of excellence in the library landscape, since the bibliographic structure of its collection and its fund fully satisfy the criteria of quality. The reconstruction of the collection – in the process of being completed by Fiammetta Sabba and Maria Paola Barlozzini basing of the two preserved author indexes of 1790 and 1795 – will provide evidence of this. Finally, a quick review of the titles of the cartouche extra armaria highlights the value of the library hall, that diverging from the tradition, celebrates the ideals of morality, civilization, and science, that permeated the consciousness of their creators and of the scholarly community in Perugia.
The laws concerning the lost people are still among the most important problems of our society today. Necessary precautions are taken both in Islamic law and Turkish Civil Code to prevent such ones ...from sustaining any financial loss. In this sense, their goods are not apportioned due to the probability that they may be alive, however, they are not accepted as an inheritor to a dying relative of theirs due to the probability that they may be dead. Also, the judge is granted the right to fix and keep the goods of these people. There ise a striking resemblance between the Islamic law and Turkish Civil Code
The relic of the Precious Blood of the Passion of Christ is kept in the crypt of the Basilica of Sant'Andrea in Mantua. Venerated over the centuries by popes and emperors, it was, according to ...tradition, transferred from Calvary to Mantua by the Roman centurion (later saint) Longinus, who had pierced the side of Jesus to verify his death (John 19.34). This devotional tradition was corroborated by historical testimonials and miraculous facts. The soil soaked with the Precious Blood was hidden underground, for fear of desecration, and then found again in two subsequent retrievals (in 804 and 1048 A.D.). Due to its donation to the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry III, a part of the relic finally arrived, through various vicissitudes, in Weingarten, a town now twinned with Mantua. Guardianship of the prestigious Christian relic rests in Mantua, with the Confraternity of the Precious Blood of Jesus Christ.
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