This study presents a floristic and vegetational analysis of the territory of the Onferno Nature Reserve. The site extends over about 120 hectares, and is located in central Italy, in a hilly area ...near the Adriatic coast. It is characterised by the presence of large gypsum blocks that have karst caves, where important colonies of bats lives. This study of the vegetation allowed the description of six main vegetation series, divided into three different geosigmeta: a geomorphological unit of gypsum substrata (Gessi di Onferno); a geomorphological unit of clay substrata (Formazione del Santerno); and a geomorphological unit of compact sandstone substrata (Formazione Montecalvo in Foglia). This floristic and vegetation studies carried out on the secondary grasslands (EC Habitat 6210) have allowed the evaluation of the grazing effects on the conservation of their biodiversity, and highlight the critical nature of this management method. Furthermore, on the basis of the vegetation studies, the list of habitats according to EC Directive 92/43/CEE has been better defined and updated.
V raziskavi so predstavljeni rezultati floristične in vegetacijske analize na območju naravnega rezervata Onferno. Rezervat obsega več kot 120 hektarjev in je v srednji Italiji v gričevnatem območju ob jadranski obali. V njem so značilni veliki bloki gipsa s kraškimi jamami, kjer živijo pomembne kolonije netopirjev. V vegetacijski anlizi smo opisali šest vegetacijskih serij, razdeljenih v tri različne geosigmete: geomorfološka enota na gipsu (Gessi di Onferno); geomorfološka enota na glini (Formazione del Santerno) in geomorfološka enota na kompaktnem peščenjaku (Formazione Montecalvo in Foglia). Z rezultati floristične in vegetacijske raziskave na sekundarnih traviščih (EC Habitat 6210) smo lahko ovrednotili učinke paše na varovanje biodiverzitete in izpostavili kritične točke tega načina gospodarjenja. Na osnovi vegetacijske analize smo lahko bolje določili in dopolnili seznam habitatnih tipov v skladu s habitatno direktivo (EC Directive 92/43/CEE).
Distribution, morphological types and coenotic affinity of Gagea bohemica in Slovakia was studied during 2008-2011. Revision of herbarium material showed presence of three taxa in the flora: 1) ...subsp. bohemica, 2) subsp. bohemica var. stenochlamydea and 3) subsp. saxatilis. Taxonomic status of var. stenochlamydea is uncertain and requires further research. In total, 42 localities of G. bohemica sensu lato were documented. Nominate subsp. bohemica (including var. stenochlamydea) predominated and it was recently confirmed at 21 localities. These current sites represent about 50% of all known sites, therefore we re-assessed the status of G. bohemica in the Slovak Red List and we proposed the IUCN category EN (endangered) for this taxon. Subsp. saxatilis was found as new to Slovakia. The taxon occurred only at single locality (Vinosady) and it was not confirmed recently. We assessed it as data deficient (DD).
Proučevali smo razširjenost, morfološke tipe in fitocenološko navezanost vrste Gagea bohemica na Slovaškem v obdobju 2008-2011. Z revizijo herbarijskega materiala smo dokazali prisotnost treh taksonov: 1) subsp. bohemica, 2) subsp. bohemica var. stenochlamydea in 3) subsp. saxatilis. Taksonomski status var. stenochlamydea je negotov in potrebne so dodatne raziskave. Skupno smo zabeležili 42 lokalitet vrste G. bohemica sensu lato. Podvrsta subsp. bohemica (ki vključuje tudi var. stenochlamydea) prevladuje in je bila potrjena na 21 lokalitetah. Ta rastišča predstavljajo približno polovico vseh znanih, zato smo ponovno ocenili status vrste G. bohemica v Rdečem seznamu Slovaške in za ta takson predlagamo IUCN kategorijo EN (prizadeta vrsta). Pojavljenje podvrste subsp. saxatilis je novo na Slovaškem. Našli smo jo samo na eni lokaliteti (Vinosady) in uspevanje v zadnjem času ni bilo potrejno. Ocenjujemo jo s kategorijo DD (premalo podatkov).
Cilj ovog stručnog rada bio je predstaviti određene tematske nastavne jedinice koje se praktično obrađuju u obliku terenske nastave u okviru kolegija "Fitocenologija" i "Ekologija staništa i biljnih ...zajednica", a izvode se na Agronomskom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu. Terenska nastava odvijala se na širem području mjesta Plomin i Plominske gore, području vrlo bogate i raznolike flore, gdje nalazimo mnoge endemične i ugrožene svojte te različite tipove staništa, kao i različite tipove eu-
i submediteranske vegetacije. Plomin i okolica poučan su primjer kako utjecaj čovjeka u prostoru može biti pozitivan i/ili negativan. Bez aktivnosti čovjeka i njegovih domaćih životinja raznolikost prirodnih samoniklih orhideja (porodica Orchidaceae) bila bi mnogo manja. Spajanjem biljne i animalne proizvodnje maksimalno se može iskoristiti potencijal prirodnih datosti, štiteći pri tome biološku raznolikost svojti i staništa. Ova terenska nastava osmišljena je kako bi se studentima krajobrazne arhitekture i agroekologije omogućilo da se upoznaju s endemskom i ugroženom florom te mediteranskom vegetacijom Istre. Studenti su dobili znanje o mogućnostima obnove degradiranih staništa. Terenska nastava je također studentima pružila priliku da razumiju pozitivne i negativne promjene u krajobrazu povezane s tekovinama industrijske djelatnosti. Štoviše, studenti su mogli prepoznati da negativni utjecaji značajno narušavaju vizualnu i sadržajnu vrijednost krajobraza. Uz to, studentima je pružena prilika da
kušaju tradicionalne recepture samoniklih biljaka koje rastu na različitim vrstama staništa. Prezentirane aktivnosti vode ka razumijevanju koliko je važno održivo upravljati poljoprivrednim zemljištem, primjenjivati načela ekološke poljoprivrede i očuvati tradicionalne namjene tla, biljaka i životinja, što u konačnici pozitivno utječe na očuvanje bioraznolikosti.
The aim of this professional paper was to present certain thematic teaching units that are practically processed in the form of fieldwork within the courses "Phytocenology" and "Ecology of habitats and plant communities", which are held at University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture. The fieldwork took place in the wider area of Plomin and Plominska gora, a locality very rich in diverse flora, endemic and endangered taxa, and various plant habitats and types of eu-and sub-Mediterranean vegetation. Plomin and its surroundings are an instructive example of how human influence on local ladscape can be positive and / or negative. Without activities of humans and livestock, the diversity of natural wild orchids (Orchidaceae family) would be much smaller. By integrating plant and animal production, the potential of natural resources can be used to the maximum, while protecting the biological diversity of taxa and habitats. This field trip was designed to enable students of landscape architecture and agroecology to get familiar with the endemic and endangered flora and Mediterranean vegetation of Istria. Students were provided with the knowledge about the possibilities of restoration of degraded habitats. The field trip also represented an opportunity for students to understand positive and negative changes in the landscape related to the achievements of industrial activity. What is more, students were able to recognize that negative impacts significantly impair visual and content value of the landscape. Additionally, students were provided an opportunity to taste traditional wildgrowing plants, which grow in different habitat types. Presented activities lead toward an understanding how important it is to sustainably manage agricultural land, apply organic farming, and preserve traditional uses of soil, plants and animals, which ultimately has a positive impact on biodiversity conservation.
The work deals with the floodplain forests of the Igneada region (NW Trace, Turkey). 69 relevés were sampled from wet to mesic sites according to the Braun-Blanquet approach and analyzed using ...different multivariate methods. The dataset was divided into five groups (associations), which demonstrate the diversity of forests in the region. In the wettest sites, forests dominated by Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus angustifolia appear; on wet and nutrient rich sites along rivers there are forests dominated by Ulmus laevis and Fraxinus angustifolia; on wet and less nutrient rich sites Ulmus minor and Fraxinus angustifolia appear; on humid sites Fraxinus angustifolia and Carpinus betulus forests thrive and on mesic sites Carpinus betulus forests appear. The ecological conditions are estimated by bioindicator values and the gradient from wet and nutrient rich forests to mesic and nutrient poor forests is presented by numerical analysis. The species richness and geo-elemental structure for each community is evaluated. Finally, a syntaxonomical scheme is proposed and the following associations were determined Leucojo aestivi-Fraxinetum angustifoliae, Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmetum laevis, Smilaco excelsae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae (Alno-Quercion roboris, Populetalia albae) and Geranio robertiani-Carpinetum betuli, Trachystemo orientalis-Carpinetum betuli (Castaneo-Carpinion betuli, Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis) all within Querco-Fagetea.
V delu obravnavamo vegetacijo poplavnih gozdov v Igneadi (SZ Trakija - Turčija). Opravili smo 69 popisov gozdov, ki se pojavljajo na mokrih, vlažnih in mezofilnih rastiščih. Gozdna vegetacija je razdeljena na pet skupin (asociacij), ki predstavljajo raznolikost teh gozdov v regiji. Na dobro namočenih rastiščih se pojavljajo gozdovi, kjer dominirata vrsti Alnus glutinosa in Fraxinus angustifolia; na mokrih in bogatih rastiščih najdemo gozdove vrst Ulmus laevis in Fraxinus angustifolia, na namočenih, vendar manj bogatih se pojavljajo gozdovi vrst Ulmus minor in Fraxinus angustifolia; na vlažnih rastiščih uspevajo gozdovi vrst Fraxinus angustifolia in Carpinus betulus, gozdovi vrste Carpinus betulus pa uspevajo na mezofilnih rastiščih. Ekološke razmere so bile opredeljene z bioindikatorskimi vrednostmi, gradient vlažnosti pa je predstavljen na podlagi numeričnih analiz. Primerjava obsega tudi bogastvo vrst različnih združb in njihovo geoelementno sestavo. Predlagana je tudi sintaskonomsko uvrstitev obravnavanih združb: Leucojo aestivi-Fraxinetum angustifoliae, Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmetum laevis, Smilaco excelsae-Fraxinetum angustifoliae (Alno-Quercion roboris, Populetalia albae) in Geranio robertiani-Carpinetum betuli, Trachystemo orientalis-Carpinetum betuli (Castaneo-Carpinion betuli, Rhododendro pontici-Fagetalia orientalis) vse v okviru razreda Querco-Fagetea.
The study deals with the distribution and classification of the association Erysimo-Trifolietum Micevski 1977 (alliance Trifolion cherleri Micevski 1971, order Astragalo-Potentilletalia Micevski ...1971, class Festuco-Brometea Br. Bl. et Tx. 1943). The association develops on siliceous bedrock of the northern and northeastern parts of the Republic of Macedonia. After the research of dry grasslands in the region of Kratovo, enough information was available to prepare a synthetic overview of the association Erysimo-Trifolietum. Within the frame of this association, two new subassoaciations are described - subass. scleranthetosum subass. nova and subass. brachypodietosum subass. nova. Analysis of geoelements showed that sub-Mediterranean species are the most numerous and analysis of life forms provided evidence of their therophyto-hemicryptophytic physiognomy. The paper also presents the localities of occurrence, their floristic composition, synecological characteristics, life forms incidence and areal types.
Raziskava se ukvarja z razširjenostjo in klasifikacijo asociacije Erysimo-Trifolietum Micevski 1977 (zveza Trifolion cherleri Micevski 1971, red Astragalo-Potentilletalia Micevski 1971, razred Festuco-Brometea Br. Bl. et Tx. 1943). Asociacija se pojavlja na silikatni podlagi v severnem in severovzhodnem delu Republike Makedonije. Po zaključenih raziskavah v okolici Kratova, smo razpolagali z zadostno količino podatkov, da smo lahko pripravili sintetični pregled asociacije Erysimo-Trifolietum. V okviru asociacije smo opisali dve novi subasociaciji - subasociacijo sclerathetosum subass. nova in brachypodietosum subass. nova. Analiza horološkega spektra je pokazala, da so v združbah najbolj pogoste submediteranske vrste, analiza življenjskih oblik pa kaže na terofitsko-hemikriptofitski značaj te asociacije. Delo prikazuje lokalitete, kjer se združbe pojavljajo, floristično zgradbo, sinekološke značilnosti, spekter življenjskih oblik in horološki spekter.
In some regions of Slovakia, black alder forest vegetation has not been documented appropriately yet. This paper is the first vegetation study presenting the phytosociological data and measured ...environmental parameters from the western part of central Slovakia. The data set was classified by using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm, which allowed us to discern floristically and ecologically distinctive plant communities. They correspond to the associations Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae Lohmeyer 1957 (riparian alder vegetation on mesic to humid sites along small brooks) and Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae Scamoni 1935 (eutrophic black alder carr forests in the colline zone) with the variants of Ligustrum vulgare and Galium palustre. The community Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae Schwickerath 1933 (mesotrophic to eutrophic alder carr vegetation growing on permanently waterlogged soils), documented only with two phytosociological relevés, was distinguished following expert knowledge. A floristic and ecological pattern of these associations is presented.
The major compositional gradients were interpreted based on Ellenberg’s indicator values and the values of environmental variables recorded during the field sampling in the growing season 2011. The principal component analysis revealed the importance of soil moisture, light availability, portion of open water and soil surface for species composition variability at the association level, whereas the variants of Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae were sorted along the acidity gradient.
Gozdna vegetacija črne jelše dosedaj v nekaterih predelih Slovaške še ni bila dovolj raziskana. Članek predstavlja prvo vegetacijsko raziskavo fitocenoloških popisov in merjenih rastiščnih dejavnikov iz zahodnega dela osrednje Slovaške. Podatkovni niz smo klasificirali z modificiranim TWINSPAN algoritmom, s čemer smo lahko floristično in ekološko ločili značilne rastlinske združbe. Ugotovili smo asociaciji: Stellario nemorum- -Alnetum glutinosae Lohmeyer 1957 (obvodna črnojelševja na srednje do vlažnih rastiščih ob manjših potokih) in Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae Scamoni 1935 (evtrofna črnojelševja v kolinskem pasu) z dvema variantama Ligustrum vulgare in Galium palustre. Asociacijo Carici elongatae-Alnetum glutinosae Schwickerath 1933 (mezotrofni do eutrofni črnojelševi grezi, ki uspevajo na tleh stalno prepojenih z vodo), ki je dokumentirana samo z dvema popisoma smo določili na podlagi strokovnega poznavanja.
Prikazali smo floristični in ekološki vzorec pojavljanja teh asociacij. Glavni gradienti so pojasnjeni na podlagi Ellenbergovih indikatorskih vrednosti, ekološki dejavniki pa so bili merjeni med terenskim vzorčenjem v vegetacijski sezoni 2011. Analiza glavnih komponent je razkrila pomen vlažnosti tal, svetlobe, deleža odprtih vodnih in talnih površin za variabilnost vrstne sestave na nivoju asociacij, medtem ko se varianti asociacije Carici acutiformis-Alnetum glutinosae ločita na gradientu kislosti.
A phytosociological survey was carried out in a poorly known travertine area of southern Tuscany harbouring a rich vegetation mosaic with chamaephytic garrigues, species-rich xerophytic grasslands, ...chasmophytic coenoses, annual species-dominated communities, shrublands and thermophilous deciduous forests. Field sampling and data analysis allowed to identify and characterize several community types, some of which of significant interest due to their ecological specificity and rarity in peninsular Italy. In particular, our data confirm the associations Pistacio terebinthi-Paliuretum spinosae and Pistacio terebinthi-Quercetum pubescentis, respectively a shrub and forest community type previously unknown for Tuscany. In addition, a new therophytic association of travertine debris named Sedetum hispanico-caespitosi and placed in the Hypochoerion achyrophori alliance (Brachypodietalia distachyi order, Tuberarietea class) is also described. Finally, dynamic relationships between the vegetation types are highlighted and the presence of conservation priority habitats in the area are pointed out.
Opravili smo fitocenološko raziskavo na malo znanem območju na travertinu v južni Toskani z bogatim mozaikom vegetacije z hamefitskimi garigami, vrstno bogatimi kserofitskimi travniki, hazmofitskimi združbami, združbami prevladujočih enoletnic, grmišči in termofilnimi listantimi gozdovi. S terenskim vzorčenjem in analizo podatkov smo opisali in označili številne vegetacijske tipe. Nekateri so še posebej pomembni, ker so ekološko posebni in redki na italijanskem poltotoku. Potrdili smo prisotnost asociacij Pistacio terebinthi-Paliuretum spinosae in Pistacio terebinthi-Quercetum pubescentis, grmiščnih in gozdnih združb, ki sta bili do sedaj neznani v Toskani. Opisali smo novo terofitsko asociacijo na travertinskem grušču Sedetum hispanico-caespitosi in jo uvrstili v zvezo Hypochoerion achyrophori (red Brachypodietalia distachyi, razred Tuberarietea). Prikazali smo dinamične odnose med vegetacijskimi tipi in izpostavili naravovarstveno prednostne habitate na raziskovanem območju.
Provođenje studentske terenske nastave podrazumijeva primjenu aktualnih teorijskih spoznaja na praktičan način čime je obuhvaćen obilazak različitih terenskih lokacija, samostalno ispunjavanje ...terenskih obrazaca te prezentaciju dobivenih rezultata. "Terenska nastava 3 – botanika" naziv je višednevnog terenskog programa koji se izvodi u sklopu preddiplomskog studija biologije na Odjelu za biologiju Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku.
Prolazeći kroz različite vegetacijske zone i pojaseve na području Hrvatske, studenti će ciljano upoznavati karakteristične stanišne tipove
i biljne zajednice, pripadajući floristički sastav, zanimljive vegetacijske fenomene poput obrata visinskih pojaseva kao i temeljne ekološke mehanizme koji omogućavaju njihovu pojavnost. Glavnu okosnicu svakog terenskog lokaliteta čini klimazonalna vegetacija čiju izmjenu promatramo kroz visinski gradijent, od nizinskog pojasa Lonjskog polja prema planinskim vrhovima u Gorskom kotaru.
Jedan segment terenske nastave čini upoznavanje vegetacije na potezu od Malog Platka (brdski pojas) prema vrhu Snježnika (planinski pojas). Klimatske prilike područja i dinamika reljefa doprinose izmjeni vegetacije: najniži dio gradi primorska bukova šuma, zatim se redom prolaze gorska šuma bukve i jele, čiste bukove šume pretplaninskog pojasa, klekovina bora krivulja te, konačno, planinski travnjaci na najvišim dijelovima Snježnika. Dodatno, pogledom s vrha Snježnika prema susjednom Risnjaku ili Guslici moguće je upoznati visinski gradijent vegetacije vrlo širokog područja Gorskog kotara.
Predviđene terenske aktivnosti prilika su studentima za nadogradnju teorijskih spoznaja te stjecanje praktičnih vještina iz područja botanike i ekologije koja proizlaze iz stvarnih primjera flore i vegetacije na području Hrvatske.
Conducting a student field course involves the application of actual theoretical knowledge in a practical way that includes visiting various field locations, individually completing the field forms and presenting the obtained results. "Field Course 3 – Botany" is a multi-day field programme conducted as part of the undergraduate study of biology at the
Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek.
Passing through different vegetation zones and belts in Croatia, students will learn about characteristic habitat types and plant communities, floristic composition, interesting vegetation phenomena such as the inversion of vegetation belts, as well as the basic ecological mechanisms that permit their occurrence. The main element of each field site is the climazonal vegetation and its transitions which can be observed through the altitudinal gradient, from the planar belt of Lonjsko polje to the mountain peaks of Gorski kotar.
A part of the fieldwork involves studying the vegetation types on the stretch from Mali Platak (montane belt) to the peak of Mt Snježnik (alpine belt). The climatic conditions of the area and local orography patterns contribute to the change of vegetation: the lowest areas are made of littoral beech forest, followed by the altimontane forest of beech and fir, pure beech forests of the subalpine belt, stands of mountain pine and, finally, alpine grasslands which cover the topmost parts of Mt Snježnik. Moreover, from the peak of the Mt Snježnik towards
the neighbouring Mt Risnjak or Guslica, altitudinal vegetation gradient
of a very wide area of Gorski kotar can be observed.
The planned field activities present an opportunity for students to upgrade their theoretical reach and to acquire practical skills in the field of botany and ecology based on the actual examples of flora and vegetation in Croatia.
The historical and recent distribution, ecology and phytosociology of perennial grass Beckmannia eruciformis was studied in Slovakia between 2002 and 2010. Altogether 22 natural and two secondary ...sites with presence of the species were found from published sources, herbaria and field research. Localities of its native occurrence have been concentrated in Eastern Slovakia (Východoslovenská nížina Lowland from the settlement of Streda nad Bodrogom to the villages of Pribeník and Biel). Secondary sites were found in Western Slovakia (Podunajská nížina Lowland; the surroundings of Sládkovičovo town and Jaslovské Bohunice village). The relatively massive reduction of Beckmannia eruciformis localities was recorded in the seventies and eighties of the last century; it was related to massive land reclamation and alterations in the water regime of river alluvia. Recently only seven localities were found. Permanent occurrence was confirmed only in two localities (Malý Horeš, Strážne). In those cases Beckmannia eruciformis has created relatively large populations including some thousands of individuals. All other recent occurrences were temporary (Streda nad Bodrogom, Keresztúr farmstead, Horešské lúky Nature Reserve, Veľký Horeš, Pribeník). Moreover, they were relatively poor in the number in individuals and are acutely threatened by anthropogenic changes of environmental conditions. According to our results and by applying the IUCN criteria, we propose to modify the threat category of the species from critically endangered (CR) to endangered (EN) in Slovakia. Occurrence of the association Beckmannietum eruciformis and the alliance Beckmannion eruciformis, was also not confirmed for Slovakia during our research. We believe that the association was not present in the past either. Recently, Beckmannia eruciformis was found in the stands of Oenanthion aquaticae (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea) and Potentillion anserinae (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) in two localities (Malý Horeš, Strážne) during our study. The species composition of the mentioned alliances is fundamentally influenced by the ecological conditions of sites, mainly by water regime during the vegetation period. According to our knowledge, the most favourable conditions for Beckmannia eruciformis are the following: short-term and low floods in the spring, decrease of the water table at the beginning of summer and relatively high level of groundwater during next part of vegetation period. On the contrary, the species may not appear on the site in case of unfavourable weather conditions (dry years).
Preteklo in današnjo razširjenost, ekologijo in fitocenologijo večletne trave Beckmannia eruciformis na Slovaškem smo preučevali med letoma 2002 in 2010. V objavljenih virih, herbarijih in s terenskimi raziskavami smo našli 22 naravnih in dve drugotni rastišči. Mesta naravnih rastišč so skoncentrirana v zahodnem delu Slovaške (Východoslovenská nížina od naselja Streda nad Bodrogom do vasi Pribeník in Biel). Sekundarna rastišča smo našli v zahodnem delu Slovaške (Podunajská nížina; okolica mesta Sládkovičovo in vasi Jaslovské Bohunice). Razmeroma množično upadanje nahajališč vrste Beckmannia eruciformis se je začelo v sedemdesetih in osemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja in je bilo povezano z velikimi izsuševanji in spremembami vodnega režima ob rečnih naplavinah. V zadnjem času smo našli samo še sedem rastišč. Stalno pojavljanje smo potrdili samo na dveh rastiščih (Malý Horeš, Strážne). V teh primerih se vrsta Beckmannia eruciformis pojavlja v razmeroma velikih populacijah z nekaj tisoč osebki. Vsa druga nahajališča so prehodna (Streda nad Bodrogom, farma Keresztúr, naravni rezervat Horešské lúky, Veľký Horeš, Pribeník). Poleg tega so tukaj populacije maloštevilne in so ogrožene zaradi človekovega spreminjanja rastiščnih razmer. V skladu z našimi rezultati in uporabo meril IUCN predlagamo spremembo kategorije od kritično ogrožene (CR) v ogroženo vrsto na Slovaškem. Pojavljana sestojev asociacije Beckmannietum eruciformis in zveze Beckmannion eruciformis na Slovaškem pa nismo potrdili. Menimo, da asociacija tudi v preteklosti ni bila prisotna. Vrsto Beckmannia eruciformis smo v naši raziskavi našli v sestojih zvez Oenanthion aquaticae (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea) in Potentillion anserinae (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) na dveh rastiščih (Malý Horeš, Strážne). Na vrstno sestavo omenjenih zvez vplivajo ekološke razmere na rastiščih, predvsem vodni režim med vegetacijskim obdobjem. Najbolj ugodne razmere za vrsto Beckmannia eruciformis so: kratkotrajne in nizke poplave spomladi, upad podtalnice v začetku poletje in razmeroma visok nivo talne vode v naslednjem delu vegetacijske dobe. Nasprotno pa se vrsta ne pojavlja na rastišču, če so vremenske razmere neugodne (sušna leta).
We studied the phytosociology, ecology and biogeography of the Dinaric fir-beech stands (Omphalodo-Fagetum) in the Trnovski gozd plateau, at the north-western part of the Illyrian floral province. We ...identified and confirmed two geographical variants (var. geogr. Saxifraga cuneifolia - central and western part of the plateau, and var. geogr. Calamintha grandiflora - eastern part of the plateau), and 10 floristically and ecologically well differentiated subassociations (-rhododendretosum hirsuti,-saxifragetosum cuneifoliae, -adenostyletosum glabrae, -festucetosum altissimae, -calamagrostietosum arundinaceae, -stellarietosum montanae, -seslerietosum autumnalis, -calamagrostietosum variae, -sambucetosum nigrae and -asaretosum europei). The most frequent stands bellong to the subassociation
festucetosum altissimae and -calamagrostietosum arundinaceae, which, in terms of site ecology and floristic composition, represent the central forest types in the research area. They are floristically impoverished and lack majority of association’s characteristic species which is in line with the biogeographic peculiarites of the research area.
Podali smo fitocenološko, ekološko in biogeografsko oznako gozdov bukve in jelke (Omphalodo-Fagetum) v Trnovskem gozdu, ki v biogeografskem oziru predstavlja severozahodni rob Ilirske florne province. Ugotovili in potrdili smo dve geografski varianti (var. geogr. Saxifraga cuneifolia - osrednji in zahodni del planote in var. geogr. Calamintha grandiflora - vzhodni del planote) in 10 subasociacij, ki se floristično in okoljsko dobro razlikujejo (-rhododendretosum hirsuti, -saxifragetosum cuneifoliae, -adenostyletosum glabrae, -festucetosum altissimae, -calamagrostietosum arundinaceae, -stellarietosum montanae, -seslerietosum autumnalis, -calamagrostietosum variae, -sambucetosum nigrae in -asaretosum europei). Osrednjo in najbolj pogosto obliko dinarskih jelovo bukovih gozdov predstavljajo sestoji
festucetosum altissimae in
calamagrostietosum arundinaceae. Sestoji teh subasociacij so floristično obubožani, zastopanost značilnih vrst dinarskega gozda jelke in bukve pa najmanjša, kar je skladno z biogeografskimi značilnostmi območja.