To display massive data accurately and in real time, a visualisation algorithm based on the viewpoint motion model is proposed. A Hilbert-R tree is constructed to index massive data. Further, the ...massive data is divided into a visible area, a potential area, and an unloading area using the viewpoint motion model. According to the index, corresponding data blocks are loaded into the memory, and data blocks of the visible area further transferred into the graphic processing unit (GPU) memory for rendering. When the viewpoint is changed, the data block of the potential area in the memory is directly loaded into the GPU. Experimental results show that under the premise of ensuring the quality of rendering, massive data can be displayed interactively, and the speed of displaying increases by 36–78%.
In theater design, the stage visibility from the auditorium has a dramatic impact on viewer satisfaction, and thus, theater revenue. Therefore, visibility is among the most important factors in ...theater planning. By accommodating design requirements for sound, lighting, air conditioning, etc., the shape of auditorium space takes on a complex three-dimensional (3D) geometry. This makes it difficult for the designers to account for stage visibility from each seat. This study proposes a method using visible area ratio (a geometric parameter that refers to the degree of evaluation target's visible area) to evaluate stage visibility from the auditorium as a tool for theater planning. It is intended for use during the design phase and allows for estimating the visible area ratio using a 3D model created during planning. Visible area ratio is the ratio of the actual visible area (including obstacles in the line of sight) to the area that would be visible without any obstacles. The apparent area is comparable to the configuration factor of the evaluation target. In this study, the apparent area was calculated using a numerical analytical approach adopting the hemisphere algorithm, wherein the surface elements of the evaluation target are first projected onto a hemisphere of unit radius. Then, the elements are re-projected onto the hemisphere base. The area projected on the hemisphere base is comparable to the apparent area. The projected area is numerically calculated by cell division of the hemisphere base. Although high-resolution imagery improves calculation accuracy, increasing the number of cell divisions requires large computational capability. Nonetheless, the algorithm considerably reduces the computational load compared to other methods, such as the ray tracing or area integral methods. Serially calculating the visible area ratio for all seats allows seat visibilities to be estimated without the need for a large number of perspective drawings. The method is applied to a typical multipurpose theater design with 1,518 seats. For this study, the evaluation target is the acting area on the stage. The calculation points used for determining the visible area ratio is the viewpoint of each person on every seat. In addition to chairs, handrails, and spandrels, human bodies are considered as obstacles in the line of sight. The influence of the number of cell divisions on calculation accuracy and time is investigated. The required accuracy for visible area ratio analysis is assumed less than 1 %. The resulting number of cell divisions required to satisfy this accuracy is 1,000 in both the horizontal and vertical directions. Next, for two different auditorium geometries and seat arrangements, visible area ratios are calculated for all seats. One of these geometries represents the original design, while the other is the revised design, which optimizes the shape of the auditorium to improve the visible area ratio for the seats with poor visibility. When human bodies do not interrupt lines of sight, each seat in both plans has a good view of the stage. When considering human body interruptions, however, the visible area ratio in the original plan decreases for the 1F forward and 2F forward and backward seats. The revised auditorium plan incorporates design revisions based on the visible area ratio analysis of the original plan. These revisions include decreasing the flat area for the 1F forward seats and increasing the slope of the second floor. With these revisions, the visible area ratios of the poor-visibility seats are improved. In conclusion, the simulation of “visible area ratio” provides very useful and effective indications for auditorium planning. It is shown that the proposed method using visible area ratio enhances stage visibility from all seats.
Visibility in capsule endoscopic images is presently evaluated through intermittent analysis of frames selected by a physician. It is thus subjective and not quantitative. A method to automatically ...quantify the visibility on capsule endoscopic images has not been reported. Generally, when designing automated image recognition programs, physicians must provide a training image; this process is called supervised learning. We aimed to develop a novel automated self-learning quantification system to identify visible areas on capsule endoscopic images. The technique was developed using 200 capsule endoscopic images retrospectively selected from each of three patients. The rate of detection of visible areas on capsule endoscopic images between a supervised learning program, using training images labeled by a physician, and our novel automated self-learning program, using unlabeled training images without intervention by a physician, was compared. The rate of detection of visible areas was equivalent for the supervised learning program and for our automatic self-learning program. The visible areas automatically identified by self-learning program correlated to the areas identified by an experienced physician. We developed a novel self-learning automated program to identify visible areas in capsule endoscopic images.
This paper shows that mountain worship contributed to city formation in medieval Hiraizumi, using some indices of buildings and roads extension axis. As a result, the concentration of buildings and ...roads axis to two mountains -Kannonyama and Rambaisan- was found, where important shrine designated by the Imperial Court formation exist. The fact suggests a possibility that mountain worship of Japan ancient times also contributed to construction of main facilities and city-formation in medieval Hiraizumi, as well as the belief of Ohshu Fujiwara Family to Buddhism.
This study aims to clarify the changes of relationship between Kujuku-shima islands, archipelago and inland in Sasebo City. Though a Kujuku-shima island was designated as national park due to its ...archipelago landscape from the view points, administration established the facilities not focusing on the landscape from view points and residents don't enjoy the landscape from view points. So, visitors don't see the archipelago landscape from view points but archipelago image. It can be said that national park administration should be put in operation with the regional culture.
In recent years, with the spread of smart phones and social networking services (SNS), taking and sharing photos has become familiar. The data of SNS can be used to understand the complicated and ...diverse landscape. The purpose of this study is to analyze the landscape of the Lake Ezu in Kumamoto City, Japan, using the data of SNS. For the 402 images collected, the viewpoint and line of sight direction were identified, and all landscape components were extracted. For the viewpoint, the visible area was analyzed. A number of landscape components other than the water surface were extracted, including mountains in the distant view and trees shadow on the water surface, as well as sunrise and sunset. Eighty-one viewpoint were extracted, which could be classified into four types: open, deep, medium and near view. It was found that the characteristics of these types were identified in the setting of the distant view, the opposite bank, and the space of viewpoint. From the distribution of these types, we were able to clarify the landscape characteristics of the two water surfaces of the Lake Ezu.
We apply a spin image representation for 3D objects used in computer vision to the problem of comparing protein surfaces. Due to the irregularities of the protein surfaces, this is a much more ...complex problem than comparing regular and smooth surfaces. The spin images capture local features in a way that is useful for finding related active sites on the surface of two proteins. They reduce the three-dimensional local information to two dimensions which is a significant computational advantage.
We try to find a collection of pairs of points on the two proteins such that the corresponding members of the pairs for one of the proteins form a surface patch for which the corresponding spin images are a “match”. Preliminary results are presented which demonstrate the feasibility of the method.
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