Website localization plays an important role in guiding firms on how to customize websites across countries in which they have a local presence. However, few studies on website localization have ...systematically examined this topic from a theoretically grounded perspective. Drawing upon the theoretically driven consumer-company identification perspective, we propose that three website localization strategies (web similarity strategy, web distinctiveness strategy, and web prestige strategy) have positive effects on local users’ perceived website localization, which, in turn, is related to local users’ website loyalty. We further investigate the effects of these website localization strategies in a cross-cultural setting, focusing on the individualism-collectivism dimension of culture. Based on our online experiments in both the United States and China, we find that these website localization strategies have significant impacts on consumers’ perceived website localization, which is related to consumers’ website loyalty. We also find that web distinctiveness and web prestige strategies are more effective for people from collectivistic societies than for those from individualistic societies, whereas web similarity strategies do not differ across societal types. These findings highlight the importance of website localization strategies for customizing websites for global e-commerce.
The present study contributes to the current localization literature by revealing the effects of localizing cultural values on tourism destination websites on users’ destination image and willingness ...to travel. Reporting on two tests, the first is an analysis of the depiction of cultural values on 48 New Zealand, 36 Indian, and 46 Chinese destination sites. Results indicate significant differences in the cultural values exposed among the three countries. The second study reports on an experiment requiring 400 New Zealand participants to visit four versions of a fictitious experimental destination website. Commensurate with motivations for holiday tourism, results indicate that the depiction of incongruent cultural values to a target audience on destination websites generates a more positive destination image and greater willingness to travel, contradicting the current localization literature. Finally, managerial implications are also discussed.
The translation is a representation of the effect of developing technology on language. Translated website or website localization with the easiness of accessibility is considered as the most ...efficient space for transferring the information nowadays. It certainly involves the appropriate translation strategies in order to provide reliable information required. This research aims to identify the translation strategy involved under foreignization and domestication reference in the official website localization of Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia, to find out the most dominant translation strategy used, and to analyze the reasons to what extent foreignization and domestication applied, by referring the classifications proposed by Venuti (2008). The source of data was taken from five (5) popular news along 2018 which were broken down into 191 data analyzed, consisting of 5 headlines in the form of phrases and sentences, contents totally written in 161 sentences, and 25 sub-contents in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The research found that the translator used all eight (8) translation strategies under domestication and foreignization reference including literal translation, transliteration, borrowing, transference, transposition, omission, addition, and adaptation, simultaneously or separately. Literal translation becomes the most dominant translation strategy used and it can indicate that the website localization is translated into source text-oriented.
The translation is a representation of the effect of developing technology on language. Translated website or website localization with the easiness of accessibility is considered as the most ...efficient space for transferring the information nowadays. It certainly involves the appropriate translation strategies in order to provide reliable information required. This research aims to identify the translation strategy involved under foreignization and domestication reference in the official website localization of Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia, to find out the most dominant translation strategy used, and to analyze the reasons to what extent foreignization and domestication applied, by referring the classifications proposed by Venuti (2008). The source of data was taken from five (5) popular news along 2018 which were broken down into 191 data analyzed, consisting of 5 headlines in the form of phrases and sentences, contents totally written in 161 sentences, and 25 sub-contents in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The research found that the translator used all eight (8) translation strategies under domestication and foreignization reference including literal translation, transliteration, borrowing, transference, transposition, omission, addition, and adaptation, simultaneously or separately. Literal translation becomes the most dominant translation strategy used and it can indicate that the website localization is translated into source text-oriented.
The translation is a representation of the effect of developing technology on language. Translated website or website localization with the easiness of accessibility is considered as the most ...efficient space for transferring the information nowadays. It certainly involves the appropriate translation strategies in order to provide reliable information required. This research aims to identify the translation strategy involved under foreignization and domestication reference in the official website localization of Ministry of Health of Republic of Indonesia, to find out the most dominant translation strategy used, and to analyze the reasons to what extent foreignization and domestication applied, by referring the classifications proposed by Venuti (2008). The source of data was taken from five (5) popular news along 2018 which were broken down into 191 data analyzed, consisting of 5 headlines in the form of phrases and sentences, contents totally written in 161 sentences, and 25 sub-contents in the form of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. The research found that the translator used all eight (8) translation strategies under domestication and foreignization reference including literal translation, transliteration, borrowing, transference, transposition, omission, addition, and adaptation, simultaneously or separately. Literal translation becomes the most dominant translation strategy used and it can indicate that the website localization is translated into source text-oriented.
The article presents an analysis of one of the most dynamically growing spheres of translation – translation in tourism, namely localization of hotel websites. Undoubtedly, the Internet is the main ...source of information retrieval and a tool enhancing tourism attractiveness of a destination, which means that while translating hotel websites one should pay great attention to the language content. The analysis conducted by the authors allows concluding that most of the translations feature a lot of language mistakes: from lexical incongruity to spelling, making translated texts unreadable and not corresponding to their communicative and pragmatic functions. If a translator holds a basic strategy of producing a new text using peculiar stylistic markers and figurative language, characterizing other linguistic culture, and sometimes changes the form and structure of the text in the source language, then the translated text functions as an element, attracting new customers. This situation reflects the existence of highly widespread problems, found in the sphere of translation: the growing number of people speaking foreign languages makes professional competences of translators worthless. Together with the expansion of Machine Translation it lowers the quality of a "ready" product – localized text – making recipients and senders to perceive the inferior language content as normal.
WEB SITE LOCALIZATION IN THE CHINESE MARKET Chao, Mike Chen-ho; Singh, Nitish; Hsu, Chin-Chun (Vincent ...
Journal of electronic commerce research,
01/2012, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
After content analyzing 100 multinational companies' webpages for American and Chinese consumers respectively, this study validates Singh et al.'s 2009 localization framework (i.e., cultural ...customization, content localization and translation quality) in the Chinese market and present best practices in localizing websites for the Chinese market. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
This paper discusses a query-translation based cross-language diagnosis (Q-CLD) for print defects conducted by nonnative English users. The first step involved developing three fuzzy Bayesian models: ...one based on English descriptions provided by native English subjects (referred to as the native English model); the second on English des- criptions provided by Korean subjects (referred to as the nonnative English model); and the third on Korean descriptions provided by Korean subjects (referred to as the Korean model). Model performance was evaluated using five different types of input descriptions. The results showed that the keywords matching translations developed in this study were nearly as accurate as the native English descriptions which were the most accurate predictions of the tested models. Using the keywords matching translations, the native English model correctly predicted 37% of the print defects with its top prediction and, in 80% of the cases the actual defect was one of the top five predictions. Considering that the native English model correctly predicted 45% of the print defects with its top prediction, and in 87% of the cases the actual defect was one of the top five predictions, the result supported the idea that a Q-CLD could be a practical localization approach for a troubleshooting website.
The localization of English websites of Chinese enterprises makes them accessible, usable, and culturally suitable to their target audiences. It helps Chinese enterprises see the growth in websites ...traffic, increase orders, and grasp more markets worldwide. How an English website serves as a communication window to the target audience always concerns many Chinese enterprises. However, factors that influence websites' localization competence are varied and complex as they are a non-linear mathematical problem for the evaluation of websites localization for avoiding randomness and subjectivity. Thus, by combining the literature review of the competence evaluation, the expert consultations, and the websites localization process, we establish an evaluation system for Chinese enterprises' English website localization. Three-layer BP neural network, a type of nonlinear uncertain mathematical model is used to solve the non-linear mathematical problem for the evaluation. Test results show that the BP neural network model is precise and practical in evaluating websites localization competence.
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