Haruna volcano, located in central Japan, erupted the Hr-FA and Hr-FP tephras during a period of several decades around the 6th century. To estimate the precise age of the second eruption, we ...performed AMS radiocarbon dating on a charred wood trunk (29 rings) collected from a pyroclastic flow deposit of the Hr-FP, and obtained a year range of cal AD 424–444 (2σ) using 14C wiggle matching of seven dates with the IntCal13 dataset. However, this result is approximately 100 years older than the inferred calendar year from Sue pottery and Kofun (ancient tomb mound) chronologies and is also inconsistent with the stratigraphic relation of the Hr-FA and Hr-FP. For the 5−6th centuries when the Hr-FP might have erupted, 14C dating was performed on Japanese trees whose precise chronologies were established dendrochronologically. The 14C ages of the annual rings of these trees showed local offsets about 30 years older than those of IntCal13. This tendency has been observed in several studies on trees in Japan and is consistent with the results from the Japanese cedar tree. As a preliminary study, the Hr-FP data were wiggle matched with the existing local dataset for AD 340–545 obtained from one tree in central Japan. The year of the outermost annual ring of the sample tree collected in the Hr-FP tephra is estimated to be cal AD 538−559 (79.0% probability). This estimated age of the Hr-FP eruption is consistent with the archaeological chronology (Sue pottery and Kofun) and tephrochronology around Haruna volcano.
Dental wiggle matching Dury, Jack; Lidén, Kerstin; Harris, Alison J. T. ...
Quaternary international,
2021, Letnik:
595
Journal Article
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Marine reservoir effects (MRE) have the potential to increase the dating uncertainty of humans incorporating marine resources into their diets. Here we attempt a novel dental wiggle-match model to ...reduce dating uncertainty of seven individuals from the Resmo megalithic tomb (Öland, Sweden) and to test whether this model can be used to calculate MRE from a single tooth. Previous stable isotope ratio studies of these individuals demonstrated that their diets changed, between more or less marine protein, during the early years of their lives. Several incremental samples of dentine from each individual were subjected to radiocarbon dating and stable isotope ratio analysis. An OxCal model was designed that makes use of the known formation sequence of human teeth to reduce overall dating uncertainty. The new dental wiggle-match model is able to reduce overall dating uncertainty in all of the sampled individuals compared to more conventional 14C calibration methods. A utility of the dental wiggle model to estimate marine reservoir effects without associated faunal material is also demonstrated, with promising results.
Worldwide, radiocarbon (14C) wiggle-match dating is increasingly used to produce high-resolution, ‘near-absolute’, chronologies in a range of different contexts, yet the exact properties and ...limitations of the technique are not well understood. Here we present the results of extensive and systematic simulations that allow the precision limits of wiggle-match dating to be quantified for different time periods. We have also been able to quantify the effect of modeling decisions on possible precision in terms of how many measurements to make, how far apart to space them, and which calibration curve to employ. While recent trends towards large numbers of annually spaced measurements can improve precision, the effect is generally small, except when the dated sequence falls on a plateau in the calibration curve. Finally, we demonstrate that wiggle-matching against an unsmoothed record of atmospheric 14C can provide better precision than wiggle-matching against the smoothed IntCal20 or SHCal20 curves. We argue, however, that until intra-hemispheric variation in 14C is better understood, the hemispheric averages provided by IntCal20 and SHCal20 will be the more appropriate datasets for most wiggle-match applications.
•New tree-ring-radiocarbon dates provide high-precision age estimates for contexts at Snaketown in Arizona, USA.•Overlap between modeled cutting date estimates and the density distributions of ...ceramic dates help evaluate the Middle Gila ceramic chronology.•Successful wiggle-matching for desert tree-species suggests additional tree-ring-radiocarbon research can provide a time-line for the social.
Ceramic chronologies are crucial for archaeological dating, but in many areas very few tree-ring dates are available for the high-precision refinement of ceramic phases. This paper takes a step toward the objective evaluation of Hohokam ceramic chronologies with high-precision tree-ring-radiocarbon dates. Tree-ring sequences from pit structures spanning ca. 500 years at the site of Snaketown (Hohokam Pima National Monument), an important ball-court center in the Pre-Classic Hohokam interaction sphere, were dated with wiggle-match calibration. We compare the new absolute dates to probability distributions generated from ceramic assemblages and other information. The results indicate that Middle Gila phase designations based on pottery wares and house types overlap with the wiggle-matched dates, with good agreement observed in earlier phases. However, the highest density 50-year intervals of ceramic dates generated from floor assemblages thought to date to Middle Sacaton phases do not agree with the new independent dates. Our discussion explores explanations for instances of low agreement and points out the potential contributions of scaled-up wiggle-matching studies in the Hohokam region.
Marine reservoir effects (MRE) have the potential to increase the dating uncertainty of humans incorporating marine resources into their diets. Here we attempt a novel dental wiggle-match model to ...reduce dating uncertainty of seven individuals from the Resmo megalithic tomb (Öland, Sweden) and to test whether this model can be used to calculate MRE from a single tooth. Previous stable isotope ratio studies of these individuals demonstrated that their diets changed, between more or less marine protein, during the early years of their lives. Several incremental samples of dentine from each individual were subjected to radiocarbon dating and stable isotope ratio analysis. An OxCal model was designed that makes use of the known formation sequence of human teeth to reduce overall dating uncertainty. The new dental wiggle-match model is able to reduce overall dating uncertainty in all of the sampled individuals compared to more conventional 14C calibration methods. A utility of the dental wiggle model to estimate marine reservoir effects without associated faunal material is also demonstrated, with promising results.
Archaeological excavations unearthed three burial mounds between 1983 and 1986 at Fehérvárcsurgó (Hungary). Based on the archaeological determination the site was dated to the Early Iron Age. A ...complex wooden architecture was observed in the largest tumulus containing inner and outer beam constructions separated by stone blocks. Dendrochronological and radiocarbon (14C) analyses were performed on conserved logs (n=5) to constrain the felling date of the timber, identified as oak, and the construction period of the tumuli. The four longest ringwidth series were synchronized providing a 153-yr-long floating chronology. Five blocks were removed from the cross sections and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C analysis was performed on the separated α-cellulose. A wiggle-matching procedure was employed as the 14C ages were in agreement with their relative position in the tree-ring sequence and concurred with the expected archaeological period. The calibrated age range of the last extant ring is 747–707 cal BC (95.4%). The earliest possible felling date of the trees used in the construction was between 735 and 695 BC considering the missing sapwood. This is the first 14C dated tree-ring width chronology from the Early Iron Age in Hungary providing a valuable reference for dendroarchaeological studies along the eastern border of the Hallstatt Culture.
Southern Greece is a region where available oak reference chronologies are still missing, making dendroarchaeology and dating of historical buildings rather challenging, if not impossible. In the ...current study we performed wood identification and dendroarchaeological analysis on timber from three historical buildings: the castles of Androusa and Koroni and the Church of Agios Dimitrios, in Western Peloponnese. The three monuments represent buildings of different uses covering different periods, but also sharing a common characteristic: oak was the only timber used in their construction, while the number of preserved timber elements is very limited. A dendroarchaeological examination of these three historical buildings, together with radiocarbon and wiggle-matching analysis, provided valuable chronological information for the local archaeologists, historians, and other scientists. Application of dendrochronological techniques has helped place the three buildings under study into the Ottoman period. Our results also show that timber was acquired most probably from local non-managed forests, which suggests that oak forests were present in the broader area at least from the late 15th to the first half of the 18th centuries. The discordance between dendrochronological and radiocarbon dates in one of the three cases highlights the need for further exploration of the study area through a combined implementation of both dendrochronological and radiocarbon dating analyses in order to develop well-replicated local oak chronologies. Our study also shows that dendroarchaeology can contribute significantly to the cultural and landscape history of Western Peloponnese even with an examination of limited number of preserved timber elements from historical buildings.
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•Oak timbers helped date three historical buildings in Southwestern Greece.•Dated buildings contribute to the development of new reference oak chronologies.•Developed chronologies can be used for the protection of cultural heritage.•Ecological information can be derived from the analysis of historical tree-rings.
On the prehistoric site of Ploča Mičov Grad (Ohrid, North Macedonia) on the eastern shore of Lake Ohrid a total of 799 wooden elements were recorded from a systematically excavated area of nearly 100 ...square metres. Most of them are pile remains made of round wood with diameters up to almost 40 cm. A comprehensive dendrochronological analysis allows the construction of numerous well-replicated tree-ring chronologies for different species. High agreements between the chronologies prove that oak, pine, juniper, ash and hop-hornbeam can be crossdated. The chronologies are dated by means of radiocarbon dates and modelling using wiggle matching. An intensive settlement phase is attested for the middle of the 5th millennium BCE. Further phases follow towards the end of the 5th millennium BCE and in the 2nd millennium around 1800, 1400 and 1300 BCE. Furthermore, the exact, relative felling dates allow first insights into the minimum duration of the settlement phases, which lie between 17 and 87 years. The multi-centennial chronologies presented in this study can be used as a first robust dating basis for future research in the numerous not yet dated prehistoric lake shore settlements of the region with excellently preserved wooden remains.
Reversals and plateaus in the radiocarbon (14C) calibration curve lead to similar 14C ages applying to a wide range of calendar dates, creating imprecision, ambiguity, and challenges for ...archaeological dating. Even with Bayesian chronological modeling, such periods remain a problem when no known order—e.g., a stratigraphic sequence—exists, and especially if site durations are relatively short. Using the reversal/plateau AD 1480–1630 and the archaeology of northeastern North America as our example, we consider possible strategies to improve chronological resolution across such reversal/plateau periods in the absence of stratigraphic sequences, including uses of wood-charcoal TPQs from even very short wiggle-matches, and site phase duration constraints based on ethnohistoric and archaeological evidence.
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