En este artículo se examinan procesos de lexicalización en angaité (familia enlhet-enenlhet), entendidos como procesos de cambio lingüístico que dan como resultado lexemas nuevos con pérdida de ...composicionalidad y de transparencia. El objetivo primario es descriptivo, aunque se pretende también aportar datos para una comparación con las demás lenguas de la familia enlhet-enenlhet y con otras lenguas del Gran Chaco. Los procesos de lexicalización observados incluyen derivación y composición. Los primeros consisten en nominalizaciones deverbales, sustantivos derivados de otros sustantivos, y verbos derivados de otros verbos. Los segundos incluyen composición por medio de frases posesivas, frases atributivas, sintagmas lexicalizados y univerbación.
This study aimed to find out the word-formations in English slang utilized on Instagram captions posted by Justin Bieber. This study applied a descriptive qualitative method to capture the process of ...word-formation in Justin Bieber’s English slang. In this study, the writers used the theory of Yule about the word-formation process for analyzing the data of English slang. The writers obtained the data through reading, capturing, and understanding the captions posted during a year (June 2020 – June 2021). Based on the data analysis, seven out of ten types of word-formation processes in English slang were used by Justin Bieber in his Instagram caption. They are (1) Clipping, (2) Blending, (3) Acronym, (4) Borrowing, (5) Derivation, (6) Coinage, and (7) Multi Processes. The most frequent type of word formation process used by Justin Bieber on Instagram is clipping with the 47 data’s frequency (54%). This study implies that Justin Bieber frequently used clipping to make short the words on every posted video or photo so his followers can easily understand his feeling.
This research was aimed to find out students' morphological errors in using word formation in writing an essay. Word formation that was found in the students' writing are derivation and inflection. ...The type of this research was descriptive qualitative research. The source of data was the English Department students of Universitas Putra Indonesia Yayasan Perguruan Tinggi Komputer ( UPI YPTK) Padang who were in the fourth semester that consist of 23 students. The data were gotten through writing test. The finding of this research showed that the students made morphological errors in using derivation and inflection in writing the essay. Errors in derivation were 10 data, while errors in inflection were 83 data. Based on those findings, the students still made errors in using word formation in their writing.
Word Formation Guide (WFG) – one of the services of the Information System of Resources of the Lithuanian Language E. kalba (E -Language). It is intended to quickly and concisely introduce the means ...of word formation of Lithuanian nouns and the essential regularities of their formation. This guide is intended for the general public, but may also be useful for the specialists in word formation. The article briefly introduces a fast and detailed data search in the WFG. The quick search provides two ways of searching for means of word formation, focusing on their formal expression or derivative and lexical semantics. The detailed search is designed to search according to several features of the word formation means, base, and the semantics of the derivatives. In this search various combinations of the features are possible. Next, the article discusses several problematic issues that arose during the creation of the WFG data structure and data management. This is the homonymy of means of word formation, the classification of initial and final borrowed (neoclassical and other) formatives of words (prefixes, combining forms etc.) and their place in the word formation system of the Lithuanian language, and in the guide under discussion, experimental separation of (lexical) semantic features. In conclusion, the development possibilities of the Word Formation guide are introduced, not only by increasing the number of examples of noun derivatives and compounds but also by redesigning the current data structure and including the word formation data of other parts of speech.
The present paper aims to model derivational networks (nests) of emotive verbs in Romanian, on the basis of the semantic-structural types of derivatives. First, we define the most important notions ...of the nest derivatology, we introduce the notion of derivational nest modelling and of semantic-structural types of derivatives, and describe the principles of the analysis. After that, the derivational nests of selected verbs and their formal-semantic analysis are presented, with semantic and formal aspects in the commentary after each nest. At the end, the matrix of models resulting from the juxtaposition of all nest models and the conclusions from the research are presented.
This paper investigates English clippings such as prof (< professor), delish (< delicious), or condo (< condominium). Clipping is highly variable, but a growing body of evidence suggests that ...clipping variability follows predictable tendencies (Lappe 2007; Berg 2011; Arndt-Lappe 2018; Hilpert et al. 2021). As yet, however, experimental work on clipping variability is scarce. This paper addresses this gap by focusing on speakers’ choices between consonant-final clippings (e.g. renov < renovation) and vowel-final clippings (reno < renovation). We devise two experiments in order to analyze the factors that impact speaker behavior. The first is a forced choice task in which participants see a source word (e.g. emollescence) and two possible clippings that differ in their final segment (emo vs. emol). We find that speakers’ choices are sensitive to word length, stress position, status of a compound or a lexicalized multi-word unit, and the vowel type in the final syllable. The second study is a production task in which participants see a source word and propose a clipping. The responses show a preference for final consonants in monosyllabic clippings and clippings that derive from compounds or lexicalized multi-word units. We contextualize our results against the background of empirical work on clipping that has been carried out on the basis of large databases (Lappe 2007; Berg 2011; Hilpert et al. 2021).
For a long time, specialized languages have been an important and popular area of linguistic research. So far, research works have been based on defining and dividing certain specialized languages in ...order to describe their complex structure or processes which influence them. This approach is also applied in the analysis of technical vocabulary which is considered as an integral part of every specialized language. In the world of continuous changes people need new terms for current phenomena, processes and products. In this particular aspect, word formation has a specific role as it provides people with the opportunity to fill in the gaps in onomastics. This statement is also true when it comes to medical language where many medical terms function as multiple nominal compounds. Maciej Choromański presents those areas of research in his monograph. In the theoretical part, the author provides the characteristics of the main rules of word formation processes and points at the issue of forming compounds. Then, the description of specialized languages and medical language is given. The empirical part is devoted to the analysis of multiple nominal compounds in medical nomenclature of contemporary German. The author’s research includes morphological, spatial, semantical and orthographical criteria. Describing all aspects mentioned above, allows the following monograph to be considered not only as a set of clues about the word formation system, but also as a reference to the context of specialized language. This work can serve as a valuable complement to current publications on that topic.
The article is devoted to the actual problem – the formation of students’ ability to consciously perform word formation analysis. The algorithm of reasoning of word formative analysis, where the key ...point is to determine the word formative pair consisting of the generating and derived words, is proposed. It is the definition of the generating word that is difficult for the younger generation. In this case, properly established motivated relationships contribute to the identification of the producing word, the allocation of word formant and the definition of the method of education. Formulated three rules for determining the productive word (producing word closest to the derived word composition; the part of speech of the derivative word is taken into account; stylistic coloring). To find the generating word means to motivate the derived word correctly. The formulas and examples of motivations of different parts of speech are proposed: the noun, the adjective, the verb and the adverb – based on the lexical meaning of the derived word, the lexical and grammatical category and the stylistic aspect. The noun has a different formula of motivation: that which...; what...; where...; he who...; action verb; the adjective cognate symptom-producing and others. Adjectives have a formula that involves a certain group of adjectives or participles and corresponding nouns derived from the same root produce without a preposition or with the preposition; “that + verb” and others. Verbs are motivated through single-root adjectives or nouns combined with various auxiliary verbs. The algorithm for determining the generating word and the scheme of word formation analysis can be used in schools and universities in the study of word formation and other sections of the language. The experience of using motivations and determining the producing word in the practice of teaching the Russian language testifies to their effectiveness: students develop the ability and skill of professional analysis of the word formation structure of the word, the ability to flexibly apply skills to the analysis of innovative word formation processes in different areas of the language; develops thinking of students, greatly enriches their vocabulary and grammatical structure of speech.
About the ways in which the Spanish lexicon is enriched. Caracterización lingüística de los procedimientos de creación léxica by Érica Vega Moreno
The article discusses the book Caracterización ...lingüística de los procedimientos de creación léxica by Érica Vega Moreno. The aim of the work is to delineate the most important concepts of neology and to show proceedings of how the Spanish language can enrich its lexicon. In this paper special attention has been given to qualities of the book but it also shows passages which may be subject to further discussion.
There are examples of grammaticalisation in various forms in Turkic languages. Reduplication attracts attention both as a grammatical sign and as one of the ways of word formation. Repetition is one ...of the grammatical categories functionally used in Turkic languages. This article examines examples from old and modern Turkic languages. It explains with examples that the method of reduplication is used in Turkish as a method of word formation, as in some other world languages. In addition, some language units formed by repetition are tried to explain by the theory of grammar and are dealt with from examples in which reduplication creates the inflectional features in semantic and morphological categories. The method of reduplication in languages where it is used as a grammatical sign, grammatical categories such as augmentative, limitation, frequency, transition, etc., can be mentioned by forms with different phonological values, such as full or partial reduplication. The reduplication formed by the repetition of a word in the first stage represents the intermediate stage before the completion of word formation in the second stage. It is a semantic description of the newly formed word. There are many lexical units in the orthographic dictionary of the Azerbaijani language, which are words formed by the method of reduplication. The reproduction process is less productive than morphological, syntactic, lexical and other word-formation methods. Still, as a result, there is such a method in the grammatical structure of Turkic languages.
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