Статтю присвячено словотвiрнiй фемiнiзацii украшського жiночого лексикону та проблемам варшнтносп парних iменникiв на позначення особи жшочо! CTaTİ. Простежено кореляцп варiантностi словотвiрних ...фемiнативiв з поняттям норми. У снихронио-дтхроинш площиш аналку виокремлено типи вар1антних фемшативш-дериватш, виявлено !х тяглкть та актившсть в кторп укра!нсько! мови. Означено коло проблем, дотичних до проблем варшнтност1 фем1натив1в y сучасному укра'нському мовленш, запропоновано перспективш вектори ix аналИу. Матер1алом дослщження стали пращ з кторичного словотвору, словники початку ХХ столптя та доби укра'шзацп, лексикограф1чн1 пращ радянського та пострадянського пер1оду, тексти друкованих та електронних меди початку XXI столггтя.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the Ukrainian nominations due to the internal form of the word. The names of literary language and vernacular on the basis of ethnolinguistic phenomena – folk ...etymology and taboos are involved in the analysis. The relevence of the study is due to the need to clarify ethnolinguistic phenomena associated with ambivalent tendencies – the vivid imagery of the word and its concealment and reproduction in linguistic concepts. Research methods. In the article as the main general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis are used, as well as linguistic – descriptive, structural and comparative and historical methods. Conclusions. For ethnolinguistics the phenomenon of folk etymology is important, which testifies the desire of speakers to explain the name, illustrates the subconscious attempt of native speakers to poetize the word, to inspire the word with poetry. In folk speech etymology motivates primarily toponyms and nicknames of people. Under the influence of folk etymology the literary language and folk words change their sound composition. Ethnolinguistic character has such a phenomenon as taboo: the word "hides" the internal form. During the Christmas holidays the speakers of the Bukovinian dialects had a taboo on the pronunciation of the word poppy. Taboo was widely used in folk birth rites. Euphemisms are associated with the phenomenon of taboos. In vernacular the word “devil” has many “substitutes”. Periphrases are close to euphemisms. In literary language there are established periphrases which emphasize the feature of the concept.
Innovation on screen Reichelt, Susan
International journal of corpus linguistics,
02/2021, Letnik:
26, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
This study explores marked affixation as a possible cue for characterization in scripted television dialogue. The data used here is the newly compiled TV Corpus, which encompasses over 265 ...million words in its North American English context. An initial corpus-based analysis quantifies the innovative use of affixes in word-formation processes across the corpus to allow for comparison with a following character analysis, which investigates how derivational word-formation supports characterization patterns within a specific series,
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
. For this, a list of productive prefixes (e.g.
de-
,
un
-) and suffixes (e.g. -
y
, -
ish
) is used to elicit relevant contexts. The study thus combines two approaches to word-formation processes in scripted contexts. On a large scale, it shows how derivational neologisms are spread across TV dialogue and on a much smaller scale, it highlights particular instances where these neologisms are used to aid character construction.
In structuralist linguistics, compounds are argued not to constitute morphological categories, due to the absence of systematic form-meaning correspondences. This study investigates subsets of ...compounds for which systematic form-meaning correspondences are present: adjective–noun compounds in Mandarin. We show that there are substantial differences in the productivity of these compounds. One set of productivity measures (the count of types, the count of hapax legomena, and the estimated count of unseen types) reflect compounds’ profitability. By contrast, the category-conditioned degree of productivity is found to correlate with the internal semantic transparency of the words belonging to a morphological category. Greater semantic transparency, gauged by distributional semantics, predicts greater category-conditioned productivity. This dovetails well with the hypothesis that semantic transparency is a prerequisite for a word formation process to be productive.
An experiment examined orthographic facilitation of vocabulary learning, that is, whether showing students spellings of novel words during learning helps them remember the words when spellings are no ...longer present. The purpose was to determine whether having students decode the spellings of vocabulary words improves word learning over passive exposure to spellings, and whether both treatments boost word memory compared to no spelling exposure. Low SES, urban first graders (
N
= 55) were randomly assigned to one of two word learning conditions: a decoding condition (printed words sounded out and blended) or an exposure without decoding condition (print present but no attention drawn to it). Students were taught the pronunciations and meanings of unfamiliar words over several test trials with feedback, one set with spellings present during learning but not when recall was tested, and one set with no spellings present. Results revealed that students remembered words better when spellings were seen than not seen during learning and on delayed posttests. Students who decoded spellings learned pronunciations and meanings better during the learning trials compared to students who only viewed spellings, but the advantage of decoding declined one and 7 days later. The favored explanation is that exposure to spellings activated grapho-phonemic connections to better secure spellings to pronunciations in memory, especially when students’ had decoded them. This was supported by a posttest showing that spellings were written more accurately when students had seen them than when they had not, with decoding producing better recall than exposure. Results suggest that teachers should incorporate spellings into their vocabulary instruction, and they should direct students to decode them to enhance learning.
The COVID-19 pandemic came with a flux of new words, terminologies, and phrases, which led to the rapid coinage or neologisms in the world's different languages. These lexical innovations may take ...place within one language as well as with the combination of two different languages. Therefore, this paper scrutinizes coroneologisms and word-formation processes in Hindi-English code-mixed words. Such a phenomenon happened due to the acceptance of English by Indians besides their mother tongue which makes them bilingual. The data were gathered from newspapers, blogs, social media, TV news, etc. Next, the linguistic analysis of the data revealed different types of word classes in Hindi-English codemixed words such as compounding, affixation, blending, and reduplication. Out of these, compounding and borrowing were reported as the most productive types of coroneologisms in Hindi-English code-mixed words.
V dňoch 7. – 9. septembra 2021 sa v Prešove uskutočnila 21. medzinárodná
konferencia Komisie pre slovanskú slovotvorbu pri Medzinárodnom komitéte slavistov pod názvom Slovanská slovotvorba: ...synchrónia, inovácie, neologizácia,2
ktorá bola spojená so zasadnutím tejto komisie. Podujatie zorganizovali Filozofická
a Pedagogická fakulta Prešovskej univerzity v Prešove v spolupráci so Slovenskou
jazykovednou spoločnosťou pri Jazykovednom ústave Ľudovíta Štúra Slovenskej
akadémie vied a Komisiou pre slovanskú slovotvorbu pri Medzinárodnom komitéte slavistov. Vzhľadom na aktuálnu epidemickú situáciu sa toto medzinárodné podujatie konalo druhýkrát po sebe v online priestore, na virtuálnej pôde Prešovskej univerzity (v roku 2020 sa konferencia uskutočnila vo Varšave taktiež výlučne online).
The paper provides a comprehensive justification of the principles and methods of synchronic and diachronic research on word-formation subsystems of the Russian language. We have also studied the ...ways of analyzing the historical dynamics of the word family as the main macro-unit of the word-formation system. In the field of analysis, there are families of words with the stems –khod (-ход-), -id (-ид-), and -shed- (-шед-) having both etymological and structural-semantic links in the history of the Russian language. The significance of motion verbs in the linguistic world image determined the early formation of these word families, as well as their complex structure and volume. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for systematic synchronic and diachronic research on word-formation subsystems of the Russian language, the traditions of which date back to the Kazan linguistic school. The research has been carried out with the purpose of revealing both general laws of evolution of verbal word families with the stems -khod-, -id-, and -shed- and the structural and semantic peculiarities of their historical dynamics. The paper provides a number of examples proving that the general tendencies in the formation of the studied word families in the written history of the Russian language were as follows: firstly, the early character of formation of verbal and nominal paradigms in their structure; secondly, the emergence of new word-formation models at every historical stage; thirdly, the word-formation and semantic variability, both inside and between word families; fourthly, system word-formation processes associated with the development of categories of reflexivity and evaluation in the language. Based on the results obtained, the following main conclusions have been made: 1. All main verbal prefix paradigms with the stems -khod-, -id-, and -shed- were formed in the Old Russian period. 2. In the Old Russian period, the important word-formation, semantic, and grammatical changes associated with the development of reflexivity and evaluation categories in the language, as well as with the process of verbation, occurred in the word family. 3. In the 18th century, the interaction between word families with the stems -khod-, -id-, and -shed- increased. Many processes that took place in the word families were determined by the stylistic and semantic laws: a decrease in the variability of word formation; differentiation of word-formation synonyms. 4. In the modern Russian language, homonymy developed actively in the word family with the stem -khod- and the number of new word subfamilies increased, the range of derivational models and derivation methods (for example, abbreviation) broadened. The functional dynamics was often determined by the expansion of stylistic possibilities for using stem units of the word family. The obtained results are of great importance for further application of the synchronic and diachronic method to research on word formation aimed at moving from the ascertaining method of describing historical processes to an explanatory one.
The reference book presents Greek-Latin derivational elements, combined in 1015 terminological nests, which are used in medical terminology in the formation of derivative terms, their meaning, and ...etymology of terminological elements, and examples of Ukrainized Latin terms. The review identifies the level of info- rmational and practical significance of the reference book.
•Segmental foreign accent differs from global foreign accent in terms of perception.•Individual segments convey similar accentedness at different deviation rates.•Consonants tend to be perceived ...categorically more than vowels.
The second language learning process involves acquisition of sounds that differ to varying degrees from the sounds of a learner’s native language. Learners’ productions are strongly influenced by their native language particularly for sounds which are similar but non-identical in the two languages. However, foreign accent is typically investigated at the level of utterances and as a consequence the segmental basis of foreign accent and its role in communication remain unclear. The principal issues addressed by the current study are whether accentedness at the segmental level is judged categorically by native listeners, and whether consonantal and vocalic segments are treated similarly. British English listeners judged as native or non-native a series of words in which a single vowel or consonant had been replaced by its Spanish-accented counterpart. The degree of segment accent was varied in equal amounts along a 21-step continuum using a blending technique based on native and non-native segments excised from words spoken by a balanced bilingual talker. Listeners assessed 24 distinct consonant and vowel continua. Averaged across all vowel or consonant continua, listeners’ nativeness judgements varied with segment nativeness in a non-categorical fashion. However, most individual consonant continua, as well as those vowel continua that involved durational changes, were perceived categorically. These results suggest that while overall segment-level foreign accent might be considered to vary in degree, in reality at the level of individual segments –where second language learners’ pronunciation awareness and control has to be focussed– small acoustic changes can convey a foreign accent.
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