This study uses dynamic panel data to investigate the effects of Cultural World Heritage Site (CWHS) and Natural World Heritage Site (NWHS) on China's domestic tourism receipts (DTR) and inbound ...tourism receipts (ITR). The results show evidence of a positive asymmetrical relationship between World Heritage Site (NWHS and CWHS) and both kinds of tourism receipts. The impact of NWHS on DTR follows scale effects, while that of NWHS on ITR obeys the law of decreasing marginal utility. The link between CWHS and inbound and domestic tourism receipts follows an inverse U-shaped pattern. The optimal numbers of NWHS and CWHS obtained from those non-linear models vary, while the effect of NWHS and CWHS on DTR can be strengthened by the presence of each other, but only the impact of CWHS on ITR is influenced by NWHS. Furthermore, we describe the implications of the research results.
Heritage is a growing area of both tourism and study, with World Heritage Site designations increasing year-on-year. This book reviews the important interrelations between the industry, local ...communities and conservation work, bringing together the various opportunities and challenges for different destinations. World Heritage status is a strong marketing brand, and proper heritage management and effective conservation are vital, but this tourism must also be developed and managed appropriately if it is to benefit a site. As many sites are located in residential areas, their interaction with the local community must also be carefully considered. This book:- Reviews new areas of development such as Historic Urban Landscapes, Intangible Cultural Heritage, Memory of the World and Global Geoparks.- Includes global case studies to relate theory to practice.- Covers a worldwide industry of over 1,000 cultural and natural heritage sites.An important read for academics, researchers and students of heritage studies, cultural studies and tourism, this book is also a useful resource for professionals working in conservation, cultural and natural heritage management.
There are a number of thoughtful analyses on how the World Heritage Convention has progressed, notably by Jukka Jokelhito, and by Christina Cameron and Mechtild Rössler. They explain the principles ...on which the World Heritage Convention was based. It concerns the common heritage of the world’s most significant places – we would all be poorer if we lost them. This paper concerns the ideas we adopt in our dealings on landscape. The subject of cultural landscapes has been a latecomer in World Heritage terms. It is not a closely defined subject like, say, ecclesiastical architecture, and it has connections to many other subjects. Adjacent to many, it is defined by none. It still occupies a slightly detached column at the edge of the world heritage spreadsheet. It is not this paper’s intention to claim that the cultural landscapes community has been the initiator of fundamental ideas, but it has been touched by many from within and outside the World Heritage system, and in some cases has been instrumental in bringing about fresh thinking and change.
Istnieje wiele wnikliwych analiz dotyczących postępów Konwencji Światowego Dziedzictwa, w szczególności autorstwa Jukki Jokelhito oraz Christiny Cameron i Mechtild Rössler. Wyjaśniają oni zasady, na których opiera się Konwencja Światowego Dziedzictwa. Dotyczy ona wspólnego dziedzictwa najważniejszych miejsc na świecie – wszyscy bylibyśmy ubożsi, gdybyśmy je utracili.Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy idei, które przyjmujemy w naszych działaniach dotyczących krajobrazu. Temat krajobrazów kulturowych jest spóźniony w kontekście Światowego Dziedzictwa. Nie jest to ściśle zdefiniowany temat, jak na przykład architektura kościelna, i ma powiązania z wieloma innymi tematami. Sąsiadując z wieloma problemami, nie jest definiowany przez żaden. Wciąż zajmuje nieco odosobnione miejsce na krańcach mapy światowego dziedzictwa.Celem niniejszego artykułu nie jest twierdzenie, że społeczność zajmująca się krajobrazami kulturowymi była inicjatorem fundamentalnych idei. Jednakże została ona poruszona przez liczne idee pochodzące z systemu Światowego Dziedzictwa i spoza niego, a niekiedy odegrała kluczową rolę, wprowadzając świeżość myślenia i zmiany.
The development of tourism induces changes in the social character of a destination. Tourism is a globalized business activity and thus presents growing challenges in terms of traditional social ...culture. With the continuous development of the tourism industry, traditional social culture has changed dramatically at many World Heritage sites (WHSs). Additionally, the growing dependence of many regions’ economies on the tourism industry has brought about an inexorable shift in the perception of many rural residents. These transformations include the impact of tourism development and its economic efficiency on inhabitants’ traditional values, lifestyles, and interpersonal relationship in ancient villages serving as WHSs. A qualitative analysis including participatory in-depth interviews was conducted to compare changes in the social culture induced by tourism development at the WHS comprising three ancient villages in China. Furthermore, a qualitative content analysis was chosen to examine the impact of tourism development on residents’ perceptions of changes in moral values. The results demonstrate that tourism development is the major catalyst for change in local residents’ moral values.
This paper presents the petrographic and textural characterization of some ornamental limestones widely used in UNESCO World Heritage Sites in northeastern Italy, and the assessment of the main decay ...factors present in the environment where they are employed. Eleven carbonate building materials have been here considered, all commonly present in the built environment of northeastern Italy: two different varieties of Vicenza Stone (Nanto and Costozza), of Verona Stone (Red and Brown Verona), of Asiago Stone (Pink and White Asiago), and of Chiampo Stone (Ondagata and Paglierino), the Istria Stone (Orsera), the Aurisina Stone, and the Botticino Stone. The Carrara marble is also considered, and used as a reference material for the determination of the grain-size distribution. Stone durability was measured by accelerated aging tests which reproduced freeze–thaw and salt crystallization cycles, among the main causes of deterioration in the region. Petrographic and textural features of these carbonate rocks as well as their porosity resulted to strongly influence their deterioration rate, and their knowledge is, therefore, essential when trying to predict stone decay as a function of the local environmental forcings.
This exploratory study clarifies visitors' perceptions, meanings and conceptualizations associated with the World Heritage Site designation. In-depth open as well as semi-structured interviews were ...conducted with 57 participants. The findings indicate that WHS designation has several effects relevant to the understanding of the concept of world heritage, and visitors' experiences at such sites. The findings' implications are discussed in terms of both theory and practice.
Petra, Jordan became a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1985, and the semi-nomadic Bedouin inhabiting the area were resettled as a consequence. The Bedouin themselves paradoxically became UNESCO ...Masterpieces of Oral and Intangible Heritage in 2005 for the way in which their oral traditions and everyday lives relate to the landscape they no longer live in. Being Bedouin Around Petra asks: How could this happen? And what does it mean to be Bedouin when tourism, heritage protection, national discourse, an Islamic Revival and even New Age spiritualism lay competing claims to the past in the present?
Mangrove forests deliver incredible ecosystem goods and services and are enormously relevant to sustainable living. An accurate assessment of the global status of mangrove forests warrants the ...necessity of datasets with sufficient information on spatial distributions and patch patterns. However, existing datasets were mostly derived from ∼30 m resolution satellite imagery and used pixel-based image classification methods, which lacked spatial details and reasonable geo-information. Here, based on Sentinel-2 imagery, we created a global mangrove forest dataset at 10-m resolution, namely, High-resolution Global Mangrove Forests (HGMF_2020), using object-based image analysis and random forest classification. We then analyzed the status of global mangrove forests from the perspectives of conservation, threats, and resistance to ocean disasters. We concluded the following: (1) globally, there were 145,068 km2 mangrove forests in 2020, among which Asia contained the largest coverage (39.2%); at the country level, Indonesia had the largest amount of mangrove forests, followed by Brazil and Australia. (2) Mangrove forests in South Asia were estimated to be in the better status due to the higher proportion of conservation and larger individual patch size; in contrast, mangrove forests in East and Southeast Asia were facing intensive threats. (3) Nearly, 99% of mangrove forest areas had a patch width greater than 100 m, suggesting that nearly all mangrove forests were efficient in reducing coastal wave energy and impacts. This study reports an innovative and up-to-date dataset and comprehensive information on mangrove forests status to contribute to related research and policy implementation, especially for supporting sustainable development.
The paper examines economic, socio-cultural, physical and attitudinal changes in/around World Heritage Site (WHS) Ogimachi since WHS designation from the local communities' standpoint and explores ...the background of these changes and views. Both positive and negative changes for local communities in/around WHS Ogimachi after WHS listing are identified. There are three main factors behind these changes: the extensive and rapid tourism development after WHS inscription; the high level of appeal of a WHS status for domestic tourists; and local people's attitudes towards conservation of the cultural environment and WHS status. In addition to its conservation plan, WHS Ogimachi must have a comprehensive tourism management plan for its successful future as a place to live, as a WHS and a tourist destination.
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