Background: Few trials have examined uric acid (UA) as a predictor of weight gain and early cardiometabolic risk in young adults, an age group that is highly susceptible to weight gain. Methods: This ...study examined UA as a predictor of weight and cardiometabolic health outcomes in the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) trial. SNAP randomized participants to small (100 kcal/d deficit +2,000 steps/d) or large (2.3-4.5 kg loss, 500-100 kcal/d + 250 min/wk exercise to maintain loss/prevent gain) changes or a self-guided control. Blood samples were analyzed for cardiometabolic outcomes and UA via spectrophotometric methods at baseline, 2-, and 6-year follow-up, using multiple linear regressions accounting for age, sex, baseline weight, clinic, baseline of the cardiometabolic variable, and treatment arm. Results: Participants (N = 297) were predominantly young (28.6 4.4 years), female (76.4%, N = 227), of normal or overweight (BMI = 25.6 2.5 kg/m2) and metabolically healthy. There were no differences in UA by treatment arm at baseline (p = 0.299), 2-years (p = 0.540) or 6-years (p = 0.566). Higher baseline UA was associated with less favorable BMI (p = 0.027), triglycerides (p < 0.001), HDL (p = 0.002), glucose (p = 0.042), insulin (p < 0.001) and HOMA (p < 0.001), independent of covariates over 2-and 6-year follow-up. Additionally, weight loss from baseline to 2-years was associated with changes in UA over this same time period; at least 1% weight loss from baseline to 2-years was associated with lower UA at 2-years compared to weight stable (-9.01 µmol/L versus +19.6 µmol/L, p = 0.009), or at least 1% weight gain (-9.0 µmol/L versus +15.9 µmol/L, p = 0.001). Similar trends were observed at 6-years. Conclusions: UA is a promising biomarker for clinical screens to identify individuals at-risk for future cardiometabolic dysfunction, weight gain, and progression to type 2 diabetes in young adults.
van Eva Coolen Ackermans, Linda
Nederlandse letterkunde,
01/2023, Letnik:
28, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In Eva Coolen’s novel Regeneratie (2021), adolescence as a stage of life plays an important role. The reader follows two teenage girls, who are on the run from a situation that spiraled out of ...control as well as from the environment they grew up in. Representations of adolescence/ts in novels influence readers’ ideas about adolescence/ts. The ‘Youth Lens’, coined by Petrone et al. (2014), offers a critical form of textual analysis that examines how adolescence is represented and what role texts play in reinforcing and/ or subverting dominant ideas about adolescence. So far, this approach received limited attention in Dutch literary research, in spite of the fact that the rise of young adult literature underscores the significance of a critical examination of representations of adolescence in (youth) literary texts. In this article, I describe the key precepts of the Youth Lens and use this approach to analyze representations of adolescence in Regeneratie. Furthermore, I will open a space for the use of this approach in Dutch secondary literature teaching.
Abstract The article presents an example of a good practice - the possibility of intergenerational and interdisciplinary learning, which it is not based only on receiving information and, possibly, ...independent physical research, but it shifts education to a higher level in the social field, how to move the teaching of physics, mathematics and IT into another direction, than is customary in schools. It offers an example of how to functionally and meaningfully connect a school, and above all its own pupils, with seniors. In today’s age of increasing retirement age, there is a need to follow up connection between young people and seniors and show them how to communicate with each other. And all this on the grounds of the high school physics laboratory.
Abstract
Introduction
Insomnia is a common and impairing late effect experienced by many young adult cancer survivors (YACS). Although routine evaluation of sleep disorders in cancer survivors is ...recommended, lack of consensus on appropriate screening measures contributes to under-identification and under-treatment of these disorders in YACS. As screening measures are ideally as brief as possible while maintaining validity, we sought to validate the recently published three-item Insomnia Severity Index Short-Form (ISI-SF) in YACS.
Methods
250 YACS completed the ISI and the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 (SCID-5). The ISI-SF was created by summing three ISI items: distress (item #6), interference (item #7), and satisfaction (item #4). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to compare discrimination on the ISI-SF to two criteria: the full-scale ISI using a cutoff of ≥8 recently validated in this sample, and the SCID-5 insomnia module. Consistent with previous research, we specified a priori that a cut-off score on the ISI-SF with sensitivity ≥.85 and specificity ≥.75 would be acceptable.
Results
The ISI-SF had excellent discrimination when compared to the full-scale ISI (AUC = .97) and a cut-off score of ≥4 met criteria with a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 86%. The ISI-SF had good discrimination when compared to the SCID-5 (AUC = .88), but none of the cut-off scores met a priori criteria for sensitivity and specificity. A cut-off score of ≥4 came closest with a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 70%.
Conclusion
Although the ISI-SF did not meet sensitivity and specificity criteria for a stand-alone screening measure when compared to a diagnostic interview, it demonstrated utility as the first step in a two-step screening procedure. Specifically, the high sensitivity of the ≥4 ISI-F cut-off score is well-suited to accurately screening out YACS who do not need insomnia services; as a second screen, the SCID-5 insomnia module could be administered only to those elevated on the ISI-SF in order to identify false positives cases before making referrals for insomnia specialists.
Support (if any)
National Cancer Institute (1R21CA223832), Swim Across America
The lives of youth with disabilities have changed radically in the past fifty years. Youth who are coming of age right now are the first generation to receive educational services throughout ...childhood and adolescence. Disability policies have opened up opportunities to youth, and they have responded by getting higher levels of education than ever before. Yet many youth are being left behind, compared to their peers without disabilities. Youth with disabilities often still face major obstacles to independence.InTheir Time Has Come, Valerie Leiter argues that there are crucial missing links between federal disability policies and the lives of young people. Youth and their parents struggle to gather information about the resources that disability policies have created, and youth are not typically prepared to use their disability rights effectively. Her argument is based on thorough examination of federal disability policy and interviews with young people with disabilities, their parents, and rehabilitation professionals. Attention is given to the diversity of expectations, the resources available to them, and the impact of federal policy and public and private attitudes on their transition to adulthood.
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