Rak ustnega predela v Sloveniji v letih 1985–2014 Blatnik, Jona; Zadnik, Vesna; Artnik, Barbara
Zdravniški vestnik (Ljubljana, Slovenia : 1992),
01/2020, Letnik:
88, Številka:
11-12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Izhodišče: Rak ustnega predela zajema področja ustnice, ustne votline in ustnega dela žrela in v Sloveniji predstavlja eno najpogostejših malignih bolezni. Namen raziskave je bil prikazati breme raka ...ustnega predela v tridesetletnem obdobju (1985–2014) v Sloveniji.Metode: Iz baze podatkov Registra raka Republike Slovenije smo pridobili podatke (incidenca, preživetje) o vseh primerih raka ustno-žrelnega predela (C00–C14) v letih 1985–2014. Analizo bremena raka ustnega predela smo pripravili za tri osnovna primarna mesta: ustnico (C00.0–2), ustno votlino (C00.3–9, C02.0–3 in C02.8–9, C03, C04, C05.0 in C05.8–9, C06) in ustni del žrela (C01, C02.4, C05.1–2, C09, C10). Časovne trende števila novih primerov raka po posameznem mestu smo prikazali v obliki deleža povprečne letne spremembe grobe incidenčne stopnje.Rezultati: Pridobili smo podatke o 9.442 primerih raka ustno-žrelnega predela za obdobje 1985–2014. V končno analizo smo vključili vse primere raka ustnega predela (N = 7.190). Med preiskovanci je bilo 83,4 % moških in 16,6 % žensk. Povprečna starost preiskovancev ob postavitvi diagnoze je bila 59,8 let ± 11,3. Največ primerov raka ustnice je v starostni skupini nad 80 let, največ primerov raka ustne votline in ustnega dela žrela pa v starostni skupini 55–59 let. Pri vseh treh skupinah raka je večji delež moških kot žensk. Največ primerov raka ustnice odkrijemo v omejenem stadiju, največ raka ustne votline in ustnega dela žrela v razširjenem stadiju. Najboljše je preživetje bolnikov z rakom ustnice, najslabše pri bolnikih z rakom ustnega dela žrela. Tridesetletni časovni trend raka prikazuje upadanje števila primerov raka ustnice, nasprotno pa število primerov raka ustne votline in ustnega dela žrela narašča.Zaključek: Rak ustnega predela je eden pomembnejših javnozdravstvenih, socialnih in ekonomskih problemov sodobne družbe. Zgodnje odkrivanje raka prispeva k izboljšanju preživetja in h kakovosti življenja bolnikov, zato je potrebno še posebno pozornost posvečati obvladovanju te bolezni.
National and international research results have highlighted the fact that workplace stress causes mental and somatic problems. The aim of the present paper is to define exposure to workplace-related ...risk factors, with special focus on psychosocial risk factors, and the way they interconnect with workplace conditions, relationships with superiors and colleagues, and moral, professional and financial appreciation.
Cross-sectional research with the help of an anonymous online self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 261 higher education employees (67% women, 33% men, mean age 43.4 years) from 12 faculties of the University of Szeged, Hungary. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 22.0.
The primary workplace stress factors for university employees were strict deadlines (80.4%), frequent overwork (64.2%) and difficulty in meeting requirements (56.7%). Communication problems with colleagues and superiors were also highlighted (47.5%). Job strain was higher for women than for men. With regard to low financial, professional, and moral appreciation, employees were characterised by the existence of work requirements impossible to meet, as well as by low autonomy. Experience of anxiety and aggression came along with low financial and moral appreciation (p<0.001).
Our data suggests that employees at the university were subject to several psychosocial risk factors, and worked under considerable mental stress, leading to a higher prevalence of mental health problems. The results highlight the need for a health-focused policy-making in higher education to reduce health expenditure and increase efficiency at work.
V članku je prikazana raziskava o zdravstvenih kotičkih v slovenskih splošnih knjižnicah. Namen je bil analizirati dejavnosti zdravstvenih kotičkov in predstaviti prednosti ter pomanjkljivosti oz. ...izzive. Uporabljene so bile različne metode zbiranja podatkov: intervjuji s knjižničarji, analiza spletnih strani in družbenih omrežij ter opazovanje. Rezultati so pokazali, da se knjižnice zavedajo pomena izobraževanja za zdravje in organizirajo veliko število izobraževanj za zdravje, vendar pa se ta le v manjši meri izvedejo v zdravstvenih kotičkih. Zdravstveni kotički so urejeni in smiselno umeščeni v knjižnični prostor, potrebovali pa bi nove strategije za izobraževanje za zdravje. Poseben izziv pri načrtovanju in izvajanju izobraževanja za zdravje so informacijsko slabše pismeni uporabniki, saj mnogo priložnosti pridobivanja informacij ponujajo prav splet in družbena omrežja. S spremenjeno strategijo izobraževanja bodo lahko v prihodnosti zdravstveni kotički imeli močnejšo vlogo pri ozaveščanju uporabnikov na področju zdravja.
Globalization has a major impact on public health in all countries of the world. Unfortunately, there are attempts to treat global challenges in the field of public health separately from national ...ones, following the model of tropical medicine, where the focus of action was in fact primarily on the identification and control of tropical diseases. This was especially in the interest of countries that colonized certain areas in the tropical part of the world. Global health, which is to some extent the successor of tropical medicine, cannot be a separate entity. The lines between global health and public health are blurring. In essence, global health is just another aspect of public health, important both in terms of recognizing the situation and taking action to improve the situation. The problems are mostly no longer local or national, and, to a greater or lesser extent, already affect the entire population or threaten the health of future generations.
Such a view of global health also requires different approaches. Of course, due to cultural and socio-economic characteristics, the field and method of work must be adapted to the specific local environment, but nevertheless, these are challenges that are present everywhere. Therefore, it is vital that we act decisively, with a united approach – regardless of where we live and at what stage of social development we are. The world has become one, so the division into public health and global public health has become meaningless.
Uvod: Duševno zdravje je pri mladostnikih lahko okrnjeno zaradi samopoškodovalnega vedenja v različnih oblikah. Namen raziskave je bil identificirati specifične vloge medicinske sestre z naprednimi ...znanji pri zdravstveni obravnavi mladostnikov s samopoškodovalnim vedenjem brez samomorilnega namena.Metode: Uporabljeni sta bili metoda pregleda literature in metoda tematske analize izbranih virov z oblikovanjem kod, kategorij ter tematskih področij. Po elektronskih podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, MEDLINE in ERIC je iskanje potekalo s pomočjo ključnih besed »samopoškodovanje«, »adolescenca« in »napredna zdravstvena nega« v angleškem prevodu. Glavna vključitvena kriterija sta bila osredotočanje na intervencije zdravstvene nege pri samopoškodovalnem vedenju ter obdobje adolescence. Tematska analiza je potekala na način odprtega kodiranja, kjer so enoto kodiranja predstavljale ključne ugotovitve izbranih virov.Rezultati: Predlagane vloge medicinske sestre z naprednimi znanji pri zdravstveni obravnavi mladostnika s samopoškodovalnim vedenjem brez samomorilnega namena so: specializirana klinična ocenjevalka, izvajalka presejalnih programov, promotorka duševnega zdravja, začetnica specializirane obravnave, izvajalka specifičnih intervencij, preprečevanje samopoškodovalnega vedenja, sodelovanje v interdisciplinarnem timu ter izvajanje izobraževanj.Diskusija in zaključek: Treba bo razviti klinično pot obravnave mladostnika s samopoškodovalnim vedenjem brez samomorilnega namena in intervencije zdravstvene nege, podprte z dokazi. Prav medicinske sestre so pri tem v edinstvenem položaju, saj jih mladostniki pogosto izberejo raje kot ostale strokovnjake, kar predstavlja izreden potencial za razvoj vloge medicinske sestre z naprednimi znanji na področju duševnega zdravja mladostnikov.
The first large outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Europe occurred in Northern Italy in February 2020. The relatively fast spread of the infection to Slovenia was expected, and preventive measures for its ...suppression were widely discussed.
An online questionnaire was designed to evaluate adherence to preventive measures and the extent to which the taking of preventive measures was associated with people's anxiety level, psychological burden, their perceived vulnerability to disease, germ aversion and a number of demographic characteristics in the early stage of Covid-19 spread. The survey was active for 24 hours (13-14 March 2020). There were 12,307 responses and 7,764 questionnaires were completed in full.
Higher preventive behaviour was found in individuals who experienced greater psychological distress, were more anxious, and expressed greater perceived infectability and germ aversion. Greater compliance with preventive behaviour was found among women, those sharing a household with people aged over 65, the elderly and those who knew somebody who had been infected. These groups also showed higher anxiety levels, which appeared to be significantly increased in general as a result of the specific situation. Quarantine was evaluated as the most efficient preventive measure, and was respected relatively strictly even before it became an officially announced protective measure.
This research reveals a strong association between preventive behaviour and anxiety. Anxiety, together with social distancing, may affect physical and psychological health in the population in the long term. Other aspects of public health might therefore be influenced by the measures currently being enforced to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
Modern approaches to management of medical conditions are based on a holistic view, taking into account bidirectional connections between physical and mental health. The current pharmacologically ...focused model has so far provided modest benefits in addressing the burden of poor mental health. Convincing data suggest that diet quality and select nutrient-based supplements might influence a range of neurochemical modulatory activities, improving the management of mental disorders. Examples of these nutrient-based supplements include omega-3 fatty acids, S-adenosyl methionine, N-acetyl cysteine, zinc, B vitamins (including folic acid), and vitamin D. The traditional Mediterranean diet is considered to be the most beneficial diet in our region. Based on the results of preclinical studies, we are increasingly aware of the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of mental disorders. Bidirectional signalling between the brain and the gut microbiome involving vagal neurocrine and endocrine signalling mechanisms influences mental and physical wellbeing. These findings suggest that using prebiotics, probiotics or in the strict sense psychobiotics, as well as incorporating fermented foods in the diet, could have a potential role in the management of mental disorders. As of now, we lack sufficient evidence to implement recommendations for dietary supplements in treatment guidelines, however, this might change in light of emerging data from contemporary research studies, at least for certain indications.
Background: Slovenia is one of the most successful European countries in the prevention of adolescent pregnancy and the country with a relative early sexual engagement of adolescents. Every year new ...generations of adolescents are entering puberty, thus reproductive health care of adolescents should be our continuous priority. Methods: The most important challenges in reproductive health care of adolescents in Slovenia are early sexual engagement of adolescents, low double method use at sexual intercourse and inadequate detection of sexually transmitted infections. Possible responses should be found on a micro-level of physician (recognition of a new role of physician, promotion of ABC ap- proach) and on a macro-level of society (development of national strategy of reproductive health care, introduction of systematic sexuality education in the schools). Conclusions: Challenges in reproductive health care of adolescents are several and possible responses are integral. A response on challenges demand that every physician recognizes his/her new role and develops his/her competency. Responses on challenges will be feasible with inter- connection of physicians with other physicians and professionals and with collaboration of profession and politics.
To make the treatment approach in patients suffering a European hornet sting allergy reaction more personalized, preparing them also for possible future risks.
In Slovenia an extended retrospective ...observational cohort epidemiological study about the natural history of Hymenoptera venom sensitivity is in progress. The study is based on data from the healthcare records of the University Clinic Golnik (UCG) and data collected by a questionnaire sent to patients from May 2019 to April 2021. For a pilot study, we selected patients who were referred to UCG because of an allergic reaction to European hornet sting and had been re-stung later by a wasp (n=68). The association between severe systemic allergic reactions (SSAR) after wasp sting and potential risk factors in subjects with a history of hornet sting allergy was assessed univariately using the likelihood ratio test.
Among 68 European hornet allergic patients 27 reacted with an SSAR and 41 reacted with a mild SAR. Among 27 patients with SSAR, 4 reacted with an SSAR also to a subsequent wasp sting. Among 41 patients with a mild European hornet sting SAR nobody reacted with an SSAR to a subsequent wasp sting. The association between the severity of the wasp SAR reaction in European hornet allergic patients was statistically significant (p=0.022).
Our results suggest that patients with severe European hornet SAR should be considered for wasp venom immunotherapy or prophylactic prescription of epinephrine auto-injector as they are at risk for an SSAR also after wasp string.
PDF
