Zemljiškokatastrski prikaz (ZKP) je grafični prikaz vseh parcel in parcelnih številk v Sloveniji. Po opredelitvi je to slika oblike in medsebojne lege parcel. Položajna natančnost ZKP je zelo ...različna in je na nekaterih območjih celo zelo slaba. Težave s položajno natančnostjo odpravlja zemljiškokatastrski načrt (ZKN), ki je izdelan na podlagi kakovostnih podatkov, pridobljenih v postopkih vzdrževanja zemljiškega katastra. V prispevku so predstavljeni viri podatkov za izdelavo ZKN, metoda izdelave ZKN za posamezne tipe podatkovnih virov, kakovost izdelka, zagotovljen način vzdrževanja ZKN, praktična dostopnost in možnost širše uporabe ZKN ; The Land Cadastre Representation (ZKP) is a graphic representation of all parcels and parcel numbers in Slovenia. By definition, this is the image of the shape and position of the parcels. The positional precision of the ZKP is highly variable, in some areas even very poor. The Land Cadastre Plan (ZKN) is made on the basis of high quality data obtained in the processes of maintaining the land cadastre and solves the problems with positional precision. This paper presents the data sources that produce the ZKN, the ZKN's method for producing various types of data sources, the quality of the product, the way of maintaining the ZKN, as well as the practical accessibility and possibility of wider use of the ZKN.
In the paper we present some illustrative examplesfrom the Prekmurje region that are related to the issue of registration of water infrastructure in the land cadastre. The Prekmurje region is known ...among surveyors for the fact that it has a much higher geolocation quality of land cadastre in comparison with the rest of Slovenia. Surveyors are usually able to take this fact into account correctly in their work, but unfortunately this does not apply to other public services, which are responsible for specific areas of environmental management, such as water management and transport infrastructure management, records of agricultural actual use, etc. With the presented examples, we first show the damaging consequences of breaching the rules and facts of land cadastre in the management of water infrastructure facilities. Next, we present the beneficial consequences of compliance with land cadastre rules and facts in the case of extensive flow reconstruction of Kucnica stream on the state border with Austria and its recording in land cadastre. The main purpose of the presented cases is to help the competent managers of water infrastructure in Slovenia to understand better and adhere strictly to the fundamental role of land cadastre in the spatial management.
When using and comparing land cadastral data in the framework of different land administration systems at the international level, it must be acknowledged that there are common known facts and ...definitions relating to the registration of land or real property. With deeper study, it is soon evident that the historic development of the country or even region, together with the legal framework in the field of real property registration and management strongly influence the basic functions of land cadastre, and for this reason there is often missing knowledge on the unique features of land cadastres in the particular country or region. The purpose of this article is neither the comparison of land cadastral systems regarding the level of adoption of information technology, nor a demonstration of approaches for maintenance of land cadastre. The main focus is on the influence of information technology on the development of graphical subsystems of land cadastres in Austria, Denmark, Sweden and Slovenia. The establishment and improvement of digital cadastral maps are emphasized. The final remarks are meant as the comparison of Slovenian system of land cadastre layer with the experiences in the selected countries ; Pri uporabi in primerjavi podatkov zemljiškega katastra v okviru sistema zemljiške administracije na mednarodni ravni se pogosto meni, da obravnavamo splošno znana dejstva in definicije, povezane z registracijo zemljišč oziroma nepremičnin. Toda pri podrobnejši obravnavi hitro spoznamo, da so zgodovina, razvitost države ali celo regije ter zakonodaja na področju evidentiranja in upravljanja nepremičnin zelo vplivali na osnovne funkcije v sistemu zemljiškega katastra. Tako se pogosto srečujemo s pomanjkljivim znanjem o posebnostih zemljiškega katastra v posamezni državi ali regiji. Namen članka ni primerjati posameznih katastrskih sistemov glede stopnje informatizacije ali prikazati načine vzdrževanja zemljiškega katastra. V prispevku je obravnavan vpliv informacijske tehnologije na razvoj grafičnih podsistemov zemljiškega katastra, s poudarkom na vzpostavitvi in izboljšavi digitalnih katastrskih načrtov v primerljivih državah: v Avstriji, na Danskem, Švedskem in v Sloveniji. Primerjava zakonodaje ter upravljanja digitalnih katastrskih načrtov v izbranih državah z zemljiškokatastrskim prikazom v Sloveniji je podana v zadnjem delu članka
Položajna natančnost zemljiškokatastrskega prikaza (ZKP) kot enega od temeljnih elementov kakovosti zbirk prostorskih podatkov je v Republiki Sloveniji pereča tema. Ob pritisku institucionalnih in ...drugih uporabnikov se je Geodetska uprava Republike Slovenije odločila za uvajanje izboljšav. Na Oddelku za geodezijo Fakultete za gradbeništvo in geodezijo Univerze v Ljubljani smo ob tej pobudi ustanovili skupino, ki je začela natančneje preskušati tako imenovano membransko metodo. Najprej smo začeli razvijati programski modul za metodo končnih elementov in geodetske izravnave, zatem pa smo za namen testiranja uporabili tržno različico nemškega proizvajalca. Z uporabo membranske metode in vključitvijo domeritev je mogoče učinkovito izboljšati homogenost položajne natančnosti ZKP, če se pri tem nedvoumno uporabljajo osnovna načela geodetske stroke (metode koordinatne geometrije, topologija, izravnava, zakon o prenosu pogreškov itd.). Prispevek je namenjen bolj prikazu obstoječih in mogočih metod izboljšave položajne natančnosti ZKP kot pa predstavitvi rezultatov naših prvih raziskav ; The positional accuracy of the land cadastral index map (a graphical presentation termed ‘ZKP’), as one of the basic elements of spatial database quality, is a topic of on-going interest in the Republic of Slovenia. Mainly due to the pressures of institutional and other users of these data, the Surveying and Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia has decided to implement improvements. At the Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, a working group was established in order to analyse and test in particular the so-called membrane method for this purpose. At the beginning, we started to develop our own program for the finite element method of geodetic adjustments, and then we continued to test the commercial solution of German provider. The membrane method, together with additional measurements, provides the possibility for an effective improvement of the heterogeneity of land cadastral graphical presentation (ZKP), where the basic principles of geodesy must be strongly respected (methods of the coordinate geometry, topology, adjustments, error propagation law, etc.). This article is meant to introduce existing and possible solutions for the improvements of the positional accuracy of the ZKP and not to present the results of our first research.
Definitions of recording methods based on various legal grounds are defined in this article. The terms of the legislation on water, recording water areas into public real-estate records and the rules ...of recording that these public records use, are also stated. Furthermore, a way of keeping records of water in current agriculture and forest land usage is presented. Based on these facts, a comparison between individual demands is made, and certain cases of deviation are presented. The need to establish current land usage as an indicator for the state of space is defined, which must not be equated with the requirements of legal regimes. The issue of "molding" waters into inflexible rules of real-estate legislation is presented in the article's conclusion.
Zračno lasersko skeniranje, imenovano tudi lidar (light detection and ranging), lahko uporabimo kot samostojno tehniko snemanja ali v kombinaciji z različnimi tipi snemanj (od klasičnih ...fotogrametričnihsnemanj do hiperspektralnih snemanj). Glavna prednost zračnega laserskega skeniranja pred drugimi tehnikami daljinskega zaznavanja je, da detajle na reliefu neposredno izmerimo in jih ne pridobimo z naknadno restitucijo iz stereoparov. V članku bomo prikazali možnosti uporabe zračnega laserskega skeniranja za obnovo podatkov različnih nepremičninskih evidenc v Sloveniji. Možnost uporabezračnega laserskega skeniranja pri ažuriranju katastra stavb in zemljiškega katastra še ni opredeljena v zakonskih in podzakonskih predpisih, ki te evidence opredeljujejo. Zato bomo v članku opredelili minimalne pogoje, na podlagi katerih se bomo lahkoodločili, ali bomo zračno lasersko skeniranje lahko uporabili v praksi: potrebna natančnost, višina leta in gostota laserskih točk na enoto površine. Aerial laser scanning, also called lidar (light detection and ranging), can be used as a stand-alone acquisitiontechnique or in combination with other types of aerial surveys (from classic photogrammetric to hyperspectral). The basic advantage of lidar in comparison with other remote sensing techniques is that the details on the relief are directly measured rather than acquiredwith additional stereo-restitution. In this paper, we will describe the possibilities of lidar being involved in data acquisition for different real-estate databases in Slovenia. The possibility of applying lidar to the building cadastre and the land cadastre measurements has not been yet defined in the legislation definingthese databases. Therefore, we will define the minimal conditions that will enable us to decide if lidar can be applied for those databases in practice: required accuracy, flying height and number of points per m2.
V prispevku so obravnavane pojavne oblike javnega dobra, ki jih danes lahko zasledimo kot lastnike, vpisane v zemljiško knjigo, in se kot prevzet podatek pojavljajo tudi v zemljiškem katastru. ...Oblikovan je bil vzorec 80 zemljiškoknjižnih vložkov, ki so bili preučeni glede na pojavno obliko naziva javno dobro v listu B zemljiške knjige in glede na pravne podlage za vknjižbo. Izvedena je bila tudi primerjava med podatki o lastniku v zemljiški knjigi in zemljiškem katastru. Poleg tega je bil opravljen pregled uporabe termina javno dobro v zakonodaji, ki ureja področje zemljiške knjige od leta 1871 do danes. Rezultati preučevanja kažejo, da se kljub določilom Zakona o zemljiški knjigi (ZZK-1), ki uvaja pojem zaznambe javnega dobra in ne javnega dobra kot lastnika, ta še danes pojavlja kot oseba, vpisana v listu B zemljiške knjige. This research paper deals with the different forms of public good that are indicated as owners registered in the land registry; a copy of this information can also be found in the land cadastre. A sample of 80 land registry ledgers was assembled; these were examined in terms of the form of the title “Public good” in the B folio of the land registry and of the legal basis for the registration. A comparison of ownership data in the land registry and land cadastre has also been made. Use of the term “public good” in legislation governing the public registry system from 1871 until today has also been examined. The results indicate that The Land Registry Act provisions introduced theannotation of public good, but not public good as an owner; nevertheless, the results show that the latter is still listed as a person registered in the B folio of the land registry.
V prispevku je obravnavana umestitev lastninske pravice v prostor, ki je mogoča samo na podlagi podatkov zemljiškega katastra, pravzaprav njegovega grafičnega dela – zemljiškokatastrskega prikaza. ...Podana je definicija stopnje zaupanja v lociranje pravic na nepremičninah na podlagi zemljiškokatastrskega prikaza in način njenega določevanja. V prispevku je opredeljen tudi lastninski koncept v Republiki Sloveniji, katerega poznavanje je pomembno pri umeščanju lastninske pravice v prostor. Navedena so tudi neskladja, ki so bila zaznana v okviru projekta obveščanje o poskusnem izračunu nepremičnin zaradi »nepravilnega« umeščanja pravic v prostor. Predvsem smo se osredotočili na povezavo med parcelo in stavbo ter v ta namen preučili vzorec1784 stavb, ki so enakomerno porazdeljene po ozemlju Slovenije ; This article considers the placement of ownership rights into space, possible only with the help of the land cadastre graphical representation. A definition of trust for locating property rights on the land cadastre graphic presentation is given as well as a way of determining it. The ownership concept of the Republic of Slovenia is also defined, the knowledge of which is relevant to ownership rights placement. Discrepancies found in the Information of Test Property Value Calculation formed because of a false placement of rights are also stated. We especially focused on the link between a parcel and building and studied a pattern of 1,784 buildings that were equally distributed throughout Slovenia
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In 2005 the Slovenian Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning commenced the activities related to the changing of spatial planning legislation. The working group for spatial planning and ...land management, which is organised as a section of the Association of Surveyors of Slovenia, joined the activities. The working group proposed a guidance for legislation changes and its own comments on the new legislative proposals. Most of the attention was given to the use of spatial data in the process of preparation of spatial planning documents, to the presentation of spatial data together with land cadastre data, to geographic information systems, planning information and to the role of geodesy in the process of preparation and implementation of spatial planning documents.
