The paper presents the results of a study of the structure of Russia's hydropower potential, which is estimated at ~2900 bln kWh of electricity generation per year. The hydropower potential of Russia is 9% of the global potential and is the 2nd in the world in terms of volume. The potential has been developed by 20%. Preliminarily, the distribution of hydropower resources across the territory of Russia is sharply uneven: 80% is in Siberia and the Far East, 20% is in the European part of the country. One of the conditions for the prospective development of the Russian hydropower potential is to obtain data on its current structure and the degree of development of the potential in the regions, and in the interregional and technologically isolated power systems in Russia. Also, such a structure is necessary for various types of hydroelectric power plants. The numerical of such results are given in the work.