Introduction: The one-year mortality associations in hemodialysis (HD) patients who underwent surgical intervention after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been reported as approximately 75% in population-based nationwide study in Taiwan, although it has not been well investigated in Japan.Materials and Methods: In this study, the demographic characteristics of consecutive 59 HD patients (M:F=36:23, 75±12 y.o.) with acute traumatic intracranial hematoma (t-ICH) were collected and analyzed to compare to those in 293 non-HD controls (M:F=174:119, 73±13 y.o.). In all HD patients, chronic HD was suspended temporarily for at least 24 hours after trauma, and then resumed intermittently for 3 times a week, using Nafamostat mesilate under slow filtration as blood flow at 150 mL/h. The type of t-ICH, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score on discharge were compared between 2 groups.Results: Configuration of the main type of t-ICH, as well as GCS score on admission, was not different between 2 groups. GOS score was significantly worse in HD than non-HD group. In surgically treated HD patients, the mortality seemed markedly lower than those in Taiwan.Conclusion: The clinical outcome of HD patients who underwent surgical intervention after TBI may be more favorable in Japan compared to those in Taiwan. Such difference of outcome may be affected by the difference in configuration of patients and/or medico-social factors between countries.