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Adamová, D.; Ahmad, S.; Ahn, S. U.; Akindinov, A.; Alam, S. N.; Baek, Y. W.; Barile, F.; Bastid, N.; Bearden, I. G.; Behera, N. K.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Biro, G.; Borri, M.; Bourjau, C.; Browning, T. A.; Brucken, E. J.; Cho, S.; Chujo, T.; Cindolo, F.; Crkovska, J.; De Gruttola, D.; De Pasquale, S.; De Souza, R. D.; Di Ruzza, B.; Drozhzhova, T.; Ducroux, L.; Elia, D.; Epple, E.; Erazmus, B.; Fasel, M.; Feofilov, G.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Foertsch, S.; Fokin, S.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Galvan, C. D.; Gargiulo, C.; Ghosh, P.; Hamagaki, H.; Harton, A.; Corral, G. Herrera; Hess, B. A.; Irfan, M.; Jayarathna, P. H. S. Y.; Kalinak, P.; Kim, D.; Kim, J.; Kovalenko, O.; Kuijer, P. G.; Li, S.; Lutz, T. H.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Mastroserio, A.; Mazer, J.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Mcdonald, D.; Mhlanga, S.; Mishra, A. N.; Mitra, J.; De Godoy, D. A. Moreira; Moretto, S.; Morreale, A.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Niculescu, M.; Nielsen, B. S.; Okatan, A.; Pagano, P.; Peitzmann, T.; Peng, X.; Pinazza, O.; Pujahari, P.; Riabov, V.; Ricci, R. A.; Riegler, W.; Roukoutakis, F.; Montero, A. J. Rubio; Sakai, S.; Salzwedel, J.; Samsonov, V.; Sano, M.; Scarlassara, F.; Schwarz, K.; Serradilla, E.; Sibiriak, Y.; Sugitate, T.; Teyssier, B.; Thäder, J.; Timmins, A. R.; Toia, A.; Vala, M.; Doce, O. Vázquez; Baillie, O. Villalobos; Tello, A. Villatoro; Williams, M. C. S.; Yalcin, S.; Zhou, Z.; Zimmermann, M. B.
Nature physics, 06/2017, Letnik: 13, Številka: 6Journal Article
At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed. Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions, is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions, but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p-Pb collision results, indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.
