Background: Childhood cancers affect 2,000-2,500 individuals per year in Japan, with onset at infancy. In Japan, there are -50,000 childhood cancer survivors, and following recovery, the mother supports the child at home. Aim: To elucidate how mothers confront problems following the discharge of childhood cancer survivors and the provision of guidance to the child regarding self-care. Methodology: After creating an interview guide coinciding with the study objectives, semi-structured interviews of five mothers of childhood cancer survivors were conducted. The data obtained was analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach. Results: The challenges faced by mothers of childhood cancer survivors who underwent surgery as children and the self-care guidance process comprised 5 core categories and nine categories from 34 concepts. The core categories included "fonnation of beliefs to confront the disease," "promotion of understanding suitable to the child's age at onset," "individual actions against the lack of infonnation," "preparation of the enviromnent by oneself when the child needs to be monitored," and "reflection and acknowledgment of the process to date." Conclusions: The mothers of childhood cancer survivors with onset at infancy preferred for the dúld to understand their disease; however, the mothers experienced difficulty in explaining the disease owing to a lack of knowledge. To enhance their knowledge to facilitate the child's self-care, mothers joined patient groups to gather infonnation. Furthennore, following discharge, it was difficult for parents and their children to establish relationships with medical staff and no avenue was available for consultation in case of any concerns.