In two 16-week, placebo-controlled trials enrolling adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, dupilumab, a human monoclonal antibody against interleukin-4 receptor alpha, was effective in controlling the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by the up-regulation of type 2 immune responses (including those involving type 2 helper T cells), 1 , 2 an impaired skin barrier, and increased Staphylococcus aureus colonization. 3 , 4 In patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, skin lesions can encompass a large body-surface area and are frequently accompanied by intense, persistent pruritus, which leads to sleep deprivation, symptoms of anxiety or depression, and a poor quality of life. 5 – 7 For patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, topical therapies have limited efficacy, and systemic treatments are associated with substantial toxic effects. Thus, there . . .