The dynamics of lung microbiota in tuberculosis remains poorly understood. Sequencing of variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene from surgically excised tuberculosis foci and biopsy specimens of normal lung tissue allowed characterization of the diversity and predictive potential of bacterial communities. Taxonomic diversity indices attested to differences in the structure of microbial communities between "healthy" lungs and tuberculomas. The microbial composition of "healthy" lungs varied in taxonomic diversity and was presented by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with sufficiently similar metabolic potential. The microbiota of the examined tuberculomas consisted of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 99.9% of cases. A significant part of the metabolic pathways predicted by PICRUSt2 included cholesterol catabolism, sulfate assimilation, and various pathways for the biosynthesis of cell wall components.The dynamics of lung microbiota in tuberculosis remains poorly understood. Sequencing of variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene from surgically excised tuberculosis foci and biopsy specimens of normal lung tissue allowed characterization of the diversity and predictive potential of bacterial communities. Taxonomic diversity indices attested to differences in the structure of microbial communities between "healthy" lungs and tuberculomas. The microbial composition of "healthy" lungs varied in taxonomic diversity and was presented by both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with sufficiently similar metabolic potential. The microbiota of the examined tuberculomas consisted of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 99.9% of cases. A significant part of the metabolic pathways predicted by PICRUSt2 included cholesterol catabolism, sulfate assimilation, and various pathways for the biosynthesis of cell wall components.