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  • Cosmogenic production of \(^{37}\)Ar in the context of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment
    Aalbers, J; Akerib, D S; Al Musalhi, A K; Alsum, S K; Ames, A; Angelides, N; Armstrong, J E; Balashov, S; Bang, J; Bargemann, J W; Bernard, E P; Bhatti, A; Biekert, A; Biesiadzinski, T P; Birch, H J; Blockinger, G M; Bodnia, E; Boxer, B; Busenitz, J K; Cabrita, R; Cascella, M; Chawla, A; Chen, H; Cole, A; Cutter, J E; Dahl, C E; David, A; de Viveiros, L; Druszkiewicz, E; Eriksen, S R; Fayer, S; Fraser, E D; Gaitskell, R J; Genovesi, J; Ghag, C; Gilchriese, M G D; Gwilliam, C B; Hall, C R; Haselschwardt, S J; Horn, M; Hunt, D; Ignarra, C M; Johnson, J; Kaboth, A C; Kamaha, A C; Khaitan, D; Kodroff, D; Korley, L; Korolkova, E V; Kravitz, S; Kreczko, L; Kudryavtsev, V A; Leason, E A; Levy, C; Linehan, R; Lippincott, W H; Liu, X; Lopes, M I; Majewski, P A; Manenti, L; Marangou, N; McLaughlin, J; Mizrachi, E; Monzani, M E; Mount, B J; Naim, D; Naylor, A; Nilima, A; Oliver-Mallory, K; Pal, S; Palmer, J; Pereira, G; Pershing, J; Porzio, D; Rhyne, C A; Richards, A; Silk, J J; Silva, C; Sinev, G; Smith, R; Solmaz, M; Soria, J; Stevens, A; Stifter, K; Swanson, N; Szydagis, M; Taylor, R; Temples, D J; Timalsina, M; To, W H; Trask, M; Tronstad, D R; Turner, W; Utku, U; Wang, B; Wang, J J; White, R G; Woodford, S; Woodward, D; Xia, Q

    arXiv.org, 03/2022
    Paper, Journal Article

    We estimate the amount of \(^{37}\)Ar produced in natural xenon via cosmic ray-induced spallation, an inevitable consequence of the transportation and storage of xenon on the Earth's surface. We then calculate the resulting \(^{37}\)Ar concentration in a 10-tonne payload~(similar to that of the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment) assuming a representative schedule of xenon purification, storage and delivery to the underground facility. Using the spallation model by Silberberg and Tsao, the sea level production rate of \(^{37}\)Ar in natural xenon is estimated to be 0.024~atoms/kg/day. Assuming the xenon is successively purified to remove radioactive contaminants in 1-tonne batches at a rate of 1~tonne/month, the average \(^{37}\)Ar activity after 10~tonnes are purified and transported underground is 0.058--0.090~\(\mu\)Bq/kg, depending on the degree of argon removal during above-ground purification. Such cosmogenic \(^{37}\)Ar will appear as a noticeable background in the early science data, while decaying with a 35~day half-life. This newly-noticed production mechanism of \(^{37}\)Ar should be considered when planning for future liquid xenon-based experiments.

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