This study aims to examine the potential impact of air quality improvement measures on environment and human health, and evaluate them economically to assess whether they constitute "win-win" solutions for carbon mitigation in the short and medium term (2020 - 2030) at the urban level in the city of Milan (Italy). To this end, for five selected policies, the following effects have been evaluated: (a) changes in emissions of major air pollutants; (b) changes in emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs); (c) changes in ambient concentration of air pollutants; (d) changes in the exposure to major air pollutants; (e) changes in the associated impacts on human health; and (f) cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. The impacts of the five selected policy options were assessed under the assumption of the RCP4.5 scenario for climate change. An Air Pollution - Health Impact Analysis (AP-HIA), can help to answer specific policy questions. It has been observed that European countries are rapidly adopting this methodology as part of the decision-making process for new programmes, projects, regulations, and policies aimed at improving air quality or that may affect it as a co-benefit.