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  • Lillo-Box, J; Gandolfi, D; Armstrong, D J; Collins, K A; Nielsen, L D; Luque, R; Korth, J; Sousa, S G; Quinn, S N; Acuña, L; Howell, S B; Morello, G; Hellier, C; Giacalone, S; Hoyer, S; Stassun, K; Palle, E; Aguichine, A; Mousis, O; Adibekyan, V; T Azevedo Silva; Barrado, D; Deleuil, M; Eastman, J D; Hawthorn, F; Irwin, J M; Jenkins, J M; Latham, D W; Muresan, A; Persson, C M; Santerne, A; Santos, N C; Savel, A B; Osborn, H P; Teske, J; Wheatley, P J; Winn, J N; Barros, S C C; Butler, R P; Caldwell, D A; Charbonneau, D; Cloutier, R; Crane, J D; Demangeon, O D S; Díaz, R F; Dumusque, X; Esposito, M; Falk, B; Gill, H; Hojjatpanah, S; Kreidberg, L; Mireles, I; Osborn, A; Ricker, G R; Rodriguez, J E; Schwarz, R P; Seager, S; J Serrano Bell; Shectman, S A; Shporer, A; Vezie, M; Wang, S X; Zhou, G

    arXiv.org, 10/2022
    Paper, Journal Article

    The current architecture of a given multi-planetary system is a key fingerprint of its past formation and dynamical evolution history. Long-term follow-up observations are key to complete their picture. In this paper we focus on the confirmation and characterization of the components of the TOI-969 planetary system, where TESS detected a Neptune-size planet candidate in a very close-in orbit around a late K-dwarf star. We use a set of precise radial velocity observations from HARPS, PFS and CORALIE instruments covering more than two years in combination with the TESS photometric light curve and other ground-based follow-up observations to confirm and characterize the components of this planetary system. We find that TOI-969 b is a transiting close-in (\(P_b\sim 1.82\) days) mini-Neptune planet (\(m_b=9.1^{+1.1}_{-1.0}\) M\(_{\oplus}\), \(R_b=2.765^{+0.088}_{-0.097}\) R\(_{\oplus}\)), thus placing it on the {lower boundary} of the hot-Neptune desert (\(T_{\rm eq,b}=941\pm31\) K). The analysis of its internal structure shows that TOI-969 b is a volatile-rich planet, suggesting it underwent an inward migration. The radial velocity model also favors the presence of a second massive body in the system, TOI-969 c, with a long period of \(P_c=1700^{+290}_{-280}\) days and a minimum mass of \(m_{c}\sin{i_c}=11.3^{+1.1}_{-0.9}\) M\(_{\rm Jup}\), and with a highly-eccentric orbit of \(e_c=0.628^{+0.043}_{-0.036}\). The TOI-969 planetary system is one of the few around K-dwarfs known to have this extended configuration going from a very close-in planet to a wide-separation gaseous giant. TOI-969 b has a transmission spectroscopy metric of 93, and it orbits a moderately bright (\(G=11.3\) mag) star, thus becoming an excellent target for atmospheric studies. The architecture of this planetary system can also provide valuable information about migration and formation of planetary systems.