At the beginning of the twentieth century, discussions arose regarding the appropriate methodology to be applied in the historiography of Chinese philosophy. Were Western categories suitable to describe Chinese traditions? More specifically: Coulddao道 be equated with the Western term “philosophy”?² Western-orientated scholars such as Hu Shi 胡適 (1891–1962) and later Feng Youlan 馮友蘭 (1895–1990) made the first efforts at writing a history of Chinese philosophy. Beijing (Peking) University, Qinghua (Tsinghua) University, and later South-Western United University became centers for academic philosophy modeled after institutions in Europe and America. In the 1930s and 1940s, Chongqing and Yan’an established themselves