Elite areas and upper-income areas developed during the first decade of the century (e.g. Roma Norte) have long since been subject to 'invasion' processes whereby commercial redevelopment pressures have led to changing land-uses from single family residences to shops, offices, and multifamily poor or middle-income housing. The female expatriate would therefore seem to participate in a position that entitles freedom of movement and the gaze in the city. Dice Parsons: For surrealism provides women writers with a mythic, irrational perception of the urban environment that suggests a possible alternative to the rationalizing order of masculine mapping, and in engaging with the surrealist project they thus take up its iconography of refuse and dereliction". (152) A esto añade Whitney Chadwick que "Surrealism offered many women their first glimpse of a world in which creative activity and liberation from family-imposed social expectations might coexist, one in which rebellion was viewed as a virtue, imagination a passport to a more liberated life (67).