Over 25% of the global disease burden requires surgical therapy, which could prevent over 18 million deaths per year. Yet two billion people have no meaningful access to safe surgical care, and two to three billion more have access only to unsterile surgeries, leading to disproportionate rates of surgical infections. At the same time, over 85,000 medical providers are infected by patient bodily fluids annually, with 90% of infected providers worldwide having been exposed while working in austere settings. We have designed SurgiBox to address both patient and provider safety in surgeries by providing protection of the surgical field microenvironment and by functioning as more effective personal protective equipment for provider teams. The SurgiBox platform integrates into standard surgical workflow as a clear, sterile enclosure sealed to the patient then accessed via arm ports and material ports. An integrated environmental system controls field conditions to produce state-of-the-art levels of sterility within two minutes. The fully self-contained device can collapse to fit in a backpack for rapid deployment and can be set up rapidly using draping methods familiar to surgical teams. This combined barrier and active protection system embodies a paradigm shift away from the operating "room" with all its infrastructural limitations and toward protecting the critical surgical site and personnel.