Accurate surveying and mapping data has the characteristics as follows: huge amounts of data, multiform of source and complexity of types. Traditional way of data storing and coping with hard disks cannot satisfy the requirements of rapid growth and safe storage of data in surveying and mapping departments. This paper conducted research on the storage and management of surveying and mapping data based on cloud storage. Massive multi-source surveying and mapping data is stored in a distributed storage system named cStor 1, attribute of the data is stored in MySQL database and the spatial index information is stored with the type of Geometry, thus satisfying the requirement of efficient storage of surveying and mapping data, and also making full use of advantages in attribute querying and spatial index building of MySQL. Based on those above, this paper proposed a method for online extraction of spatial index information of multi-source surveying and mapping data based on cloud storage. For different types of surveying and mapping data, there are different policies for extracting spatial index information. Types are divided as follows: For national standard primary scale files and local scale files, spatial index information can be extracted according to the filename. For aerial images and satellite images, the metadata files which are needed can be obtained online and then spatial index information is extracted. The result showed that method proposed in this paper can extract spatial index information efficiently for multi-source surveying and mapping data and the validity of this method was verified.