To identify factors associated with the timing of ventilator liberation and tracheostomy decannulation among infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) who required chronic outpatient invasive ventilation.OBJECTIVETo identify factors associated with the timing of ventilator liberation and tracheostomy decannulation among infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) who required chronic outpatient invasive ventilation.Multicenter retrospective study of 154 infants with sBPD on outpatient ventilators. Factors associated with ventilator liberation and decannulation were identified using Cox regression models and multilevel survival models.STUDY DESIGNMulticenter retrospective study of 154 infants with sBPD on outpatient ventilators. Factors associated with ventilator liberation and decannulation were identified using Cox regression models and multilevel survival models.Ventilation liberation and decannulation occurred at median ages of 27 and 49 months, respectively. Older age at transition to a portable ventilator and at discharge, higher positive end expiratory pressure, and multiple respiratory readmissions were associated with delayed ventilator liberation. Surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux was associated with later decannulation.RESULTSVentilation liberation and decannulation occurred at median ages of 27 and 49 months, respectively. Older age at transition to a portable ventilator and at discharge, higher positive end expiratory pressure, and multiple respiratory readmissions were associated with delayed ventilator liberation. Surgical management of gastroesophageal reflux was associated with later decannulation.Ventilator liberation timing was impacted by longer initial admissions and higher ventilator pressure support needs, whereas decannulation timing was associated with more aggressive reflux management. Variation in the timing of events was primarily due to individual-level factors, rather than center-level factors.CONCLUSIONSVentilator liberation timing was impacted by longer initial admissions and higher ventilator pressure support needs, whereas decannulation timing was associated with more aggressive reflux management. Variation in the timing of events was primarily due to individual-level factors, rather than center-level factors.