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  • KMT2A (MLL) fusions in aggr...
    Yoshida, Akihiko; Arai, Yasuhito; Tanzawa, Yoshikazu; Wakai, Susumu; Hama, Natsuko; Kawai, Akira; Shibata, Tatsuhiro

    Histopathology, October 2019, Letnik: 75, Številka: 4
    Journal Article

    Aim To characterise unclassifiable sarcomas by use of a combined histological and molecular approach. Methods and results Using RNA sequencing, we identified in‐frame fusions involving KMT2A (MLL) in two cases. Case 1 was a 20‐year‐old woman with a deep soft tissue mass in the thigh. The tumour consisted of monomorphic round, epithelioid and spindle cells in a highly sclerotic background that were focally immunopositive for CD34, CD31, and ERG. Case 2 was a 30‐year‐old woman with a tumour that affected the femur and surrounding soft tissue. The tumour consisted of monomorphic round to spindle cells that were immunopositive for BCOR, Wilms tumour 1, and NKX2‐2. Both tumours were aggressive and had metastasised to the lung; both patients died within a few years. RNA sequencing identified a YAP1 (exon 5)–KMT2A (exon 4) fusion in case 1 and a VIM (exon 4)–KMT2A (exon 2) fusion in case 2, both of which were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Sanger sequencing, and fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation. The fusion protein structure was different from that in acute leukaemia, suggesting a novel oncogenic mechanism. Conclusions KMT2A fusions account for a subset of aggressive unclassifiable sarcomas in young adults. Although it is presently unclear whether these sarcomas belong to a single group, the well‐established role of KMT2A fusions as drivers of acute leukaemia and a recent publication regarding identification of YAP1–KMT2A in one unclassifiable sarcoma support the significance of these fusions. Further studies on additional cases are necessary to fully understand the clinicopathological and molecular aspects of KMT2A‐rearranged sarcomas.