The regional elastic property of the arterial wall is a useful marker for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis because an atherosclerotic lesion is formed locally. Pulse wave velocity is a noninvasive index for the evaluation of the elasticity of the arterial wall. However, a high temporal resolution is required for the measurement of the arterial wall motion because the pulse wave propagates along the artery at several meters per second. In the present study, the arterial wall motion was measured at a high temporal resolution at 1302 frames per second (fps) using plane-wave ultrafast ultrasound. Also, a method of estimating the temporal and spatial frequencies of the pulse wave was developed for the determination of the regional pulse wave velocity in a short segment of about 20 mm along the artery. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by simulation experiments and its feasibility was examined in the in vivo measurement of the human carotid artery.