The article reports a review of the current results obtained over the past decade in the study of cosmic ray solar modulation. The analysis of modulation effects was carried out in the isotropic and anisotropic approximations on the data of the ground-based network of detectors and the first data from the PAMELA and AMS-02 magnetic spectrometers. In the isotropic approximation, we consider the spectrum of CR variations and its transformation, caused by the change in the polarity of the Sun general magnetic field. The latest empirical models of long-term variations are reviewed. Long-term variations in the amplitude and phase of the solar-diurnal variation of north–south cosmic rays anisotropy are considered in the anisotropic approximation. Comparison and calibration of the ground-based monitoring results with the data from magnetic spectrometers PAMELA, AMS-02 are carried out.