Inherited mutations in DNA-repair genes were found in nearly 12% of men with metastatic prostate cancer, as compared with 2.7% in an unselected general population. Carcinoma of the prostate is a common cancer with a wide spectrum of clinical behavior that ranges from decades of indolence to rapid metastatic progression and lethality. 1 , 2 Prostate cancer is also among the most heritable of human cancers, with 57% (95% confidence interval CI, 51 to 63) of the interindividual variation in risk attributed to genetic factors. 3 Thus far, genomewide association studies have identified more than 100 common variants that account for approximately 33% of the excess familial prostate cancer risk. 4 – 7 Mutations in other genes, including BRCA1, BRCA2, MSH2, 8 – 10 and HOXB13, 11 account for a small proportion of . . .