Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an extremely common head and neck cancer with a poor 5‐year survival rate, especially in cases of metastatic disease. Interleukin (IL)‐11 reportedly promotes cell growth and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process in metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms of IL‐11 in OSCC metastasis are unclear. This study found that IL‐11 upregulates matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP‐13) expression in OSCC via the IL‐11 receptor alpha subunit/glycoprotein 130 receptors that activate phosphatidyl‐inositol 3‐kinase, Ak strain transforming, and activator protein 1 signaling, which subsequently enhance MMP‐13‐induced tumor metastasis. TIMER2.0 analysis revealed a positive correlation between MMP‐13 and IL‐11 levels (r = 0.454). Moreover, a strong positive association was observed between higher levels of IL‐11 expression in OSCC tissue (p < 0.01), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0154), and clinical disease stage (p = 0.0337). IL‐11 knockdown suppressed the migration of OSCC cells (p < 0.05). The evidence indicates that IL‐11 can serve as a new molecular therapeutic target in OSCC metastasis.