Aim To estimate the prevalence of self‐reported gingival bleeding in a representative sample of 12‐ to 17‐year‐old Brazilian adolescents. Materials and Methods Sociodemographic and oral health information were obtained through a self‐administered questionnaire of the Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents. The adolescents answered “yes” or “no” to the question “Do your gums bleed?” Results 74,589 of the 102,327 eligible adolescents answered the questionnaire and 18.4% (95% CI 17.5–19.3) reported having bleeding gums. The prevalence of self‐reported gingival bleeding varied as following: 21.4% (95% CI 20.3–22.6) in girls and 15.3% (95% CI 14.3–16.4) in boys; 20.5% (95% CI 19.2–21.8) in older and 17.5% (95% CI 16.4–18.6) in younger adolescents; 20.6% (95% CI 18.5–22.9) in Black people and 17.1% (95% CI 16.1–18.1) in White people. Regarding mother's level of education, the prevalences were 18.1% (95% CI 16.2–20.3), 17.6% (95% CI 16.4–18.9) and 19.3% (95% CI 17.9–20.9) for high, middle and low levels, respectively. For socioeconomic status, the equivalent figures were 16.4% (95% CI 14.3–18.7), 18.4% (95% CI 17.5–19.4) and 23.0% (95% CI 17.3–29.9). Conclusion Nearly one in five Brazilian adolescents reported having gingival bleeding, which might not be a serious condition, but reflect the disease and the adolescents’ perception of oral health status.