Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (1550 nm VCSEL) simultaneously subject to orthogonal optical injection and negative optoelectronic feedback are experimentally investigated. The results show that, under suitable orthogonal optical injection the VCSEL can exhibit rich nonlinear dynamic behaviors such as stable state (S), period-one (P1), period-two (P2), chaos (CO), stable injection locking (SIL) and polarization switching (PS). After further introducing negative optoelectronic feedback with a certain feedback delay time, the dynamic distribution of the orthogonal optical injection 1550 nm VCSEL is significantly affected, and some new phenomena including three-frequency quasiperiodic (Q3) state can be observed. With the increase of optoelectronic feedback strength, the S and SIL regions typically are shrank, while the quasiperiodic (QP) and CO regions are enlarged.