Recognizing the bonding situations in chemical compounds is of fundamental interest for materials design because this very knowledge allows us to understand the sheer existence of a material and the structural arrangement of its constituting atoms. Since its definition 25 years ago, the Crystal Orbital Hamilton Population (COHP) method has been established as an efficient and reliable tool to extract the chemical-bonding information based on electronic-structure calculations of various quantum-chemical types. In this review, we present a brief introduction into the theoretical background of the COHP method and illustrate the latter by diverse applications, in particular by looking at representatives of the class of (polar) intermetallic compounds, usually considered as “black sheep” in the light of valence-electron counting schemes.