To demonstrate the risk of cataract associated with radiation exposure from neuro-interventional procedures. This was a nationwide population-based, matched-cohort study. The exposed group (group E) comprised patients diagnosed with an aneurysm, cerebrovascular system anomaly, or subarachnoid haemorrhage who underwent a neuro-interventional procedure, such as brain digital subtraction angiography or endovascular embolisation. The comparison group (group C) included subjects who were never exposed to radiation from neuro-interventional procedures and were propensity score-matched by the date of enrolment, age, sex, and associated comorbidities. Multiple Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of cataract risk due to radiation exposure while adjusting for potential confounding factors. There were 838 patients and 3,352 matched subjects in groups E and C, respectively. The incidence of cataracts was significantly greater among subjects in group E (adjusted HR aHR = 1.88; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.08–3.26), especially those aged >40 years (aHR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.16–3.94). The number of computed tomography examinations was positively correlated, but not statistically significant, with an increased risk of cataract occurrence. Neuro-interventional procedures might be significantly associated with an increased risk of cataract occurrence. •Neurointerventional procedures might be significantly associated with an increased risk of cataract.•The putative excess risk of cataract after neurointerventional procedures is estimated at 88%.•The risk of cataract was significantly increased among exposed patients aged 40–49 years.•Ophthalmological examinations might be helpful for patients after neurointerventional procedures.