Single-cell analysis (SCA) could provide in-depth understanding of cell biology yet is of great challenge. Many attempts have been made to develop novel techniques for SCA. Nanopipette-based ion current rectification (ICR) electroanalysis represents an emerging methodology to combat in this arena. In this review, the working rationale of ICR and its key regulation factors are discussed, followed by the sensing strategies established for SCA using illustrative examples. Future perspectives in this field are also proposed. •Ion current rectification (ICR)-nanopipette technique for single-cell analysis (SCA) is reviewed.•The fundamentals, operation rationales, and the state of the art are discussed.•Trends and prospects of this field are presented.