BackgroundWe aimed to assess the clinical significance and impact on survival of prevascular mediastinal lymph nodes (3A) in patients with right-sided lung cancer. MethodsProspective data of 6,348 patients, who underwent lung resection from 2005 to 2015, were retrospectively analysed. There were 221 patients who underwent 3A dissection (3ALN+), while 6,127 did not (3ALN-). We performed propensity score matching (PSM) to decrease selection bias (221 vs. 221). ResultsThe incidence of 3A metastasis was 8%, and it elevated with pT stage. Between pT1c and pT2a, there was a significant increase in the 3A metastasis incidence, which doubled from 4% to 9%. For pT4, the incidence was 15%. The highest incidence was found among patients undergoing pneumonectomy (10%) and in the N2b1 and N2b2 subgroups (33% and 64%). In univariable analysis, we found no differences in 5-year survival between 3ALN+ and 3ALN- (51% vs. 51%, P=0.74). But, non-metastatic 3ALN+, 3ALN-, and metastatic 3ALN+ differed significantly (P<0.0001). pN2 subgroups (pN2a1, pN2a2, pN2b1, pN2b2) within PSM analysis did not differ significantly in terms of survival. 3A metastasis failed to be an independent prognostic factor in the multivariable analysis of matched pN2 subgroups. ConclusionsRegardless of 3A lymph nodes failing to be an independent prognostic factor in our cohort, the incidence of metastases in lymph nodes increases notably in advanced stages. 3A metastasis rate is comparable to other lymph node stations. Therefore, superior mediastinal lymphadenectomy in advanced cancers may improve from resections of the 3A lymph node station.