•Frequency of sexual behavior lessens during pregnancy, dips in third trimester.•Sexual activity begins 6-8 weeks post childbirth, fully resumes only after 6 months.•Perinatal couples experience less desire, orgasm, satisfaction; more dyspareunia.•Perinatal couples must be alerted to possibility of fluctuations in their sex life. In the time of transition to parenthood, many physical, psychological and social changes may affect the multidimensional theme of sexuality. This area plays a significant role in the overall well-being of the individual, the couple and the family. The aim of this systematic review is to consider current and emerging trends in the study of sexual function during pregnancy and after childbirth, evaluating the available evidence in the literature reported in specific reviews, and pulling together the suggestions that various authors have brought forward as being useful for daily clinical practice. A total of 4 databases were searched on EBSCOhost: MEDLINE, Cochrane reviews, CINAHAL, and PsychInfo. A systematic search strategy was formulated using the key terms Sexuality, Sexual, Pregnancy, Postpartum, Puerperium, Perinatal, and Review. Eleven articles were included. The results revealed a gradual decline in the frequency of sexual behaviour throughout pregnancy, sharper in the third trimester. Sexual activity started to be resumed around 6–8 weeks after childbirth, to fully recover only after 6 months. A simultaneous change in sexual function was also found, such as less orgasm, sexual desire and satisfaction, more dyspareunia. Many aspects are related to these changes: physical, psychological and social factors, fears about negative consequences of sexual intercourse, inadequate or absent professional counselling about sexuality, method of delivery and breastfeeding. Healthcare professionals need to adequately inform couples about the common fluctuations in sexual activity, interest, desire, and responsiveness over the course of the pregnancy and following childbirth. Joint counselling, if possible, is preferred.