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  • Long‐Term Dropout of Relati...
    Wu, H.; Chen, T.; Kalegaev, V. V.; Panasyuk, M. I.; Vlasova, N. A.; Duan, S.; Zhang, X.; He, Z.; Luo, J.; Wang, C.

    Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, October 2020, 2020-10-00, 20201001, Letnik: 125, Številka: 10
    Journal Article

    On 31 January 2016, the flux of >2 MeV electrons observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)‐13 dropped to the background level during a minor storm main phase (−48 nT). Then, a second storm (−53 nT) occurred on 2 February; during the 3 days after its main phase, the flux remained at background level. Using data from various instruments on the GOES, Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES), Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), Meteor‐M2, and Fengyun‐series spacecraft, we study this long‐term dropout of MeV electrons during two sequential storms of similar magnitude under lightly disturbed solar wind conditions. Observations from low‐altitude satellites show that the fluxes decreased first at higher L‐shells and then gradually propagated inward. Moreover, the fluxes were almost completely lost and dropped to the background level at L > 5, while the fluxes at 4 < L < 5 were partly lost, as observed by RBSP and low‐altitude satellites. Finally, observations show that on 5 February, only the fluxes at L > 5.5 recovered, while the fluxes at 4 < L < 5 did not return to the prestorm levels. These observations indicate that the loss and recovery processes developed first at higher L‐shells. Phase space density (PSD) analysis shows that radial outward diffusion was the main reason for the dropout at higher L‐shells. Regarding electron enhancement, stronger inward diffusion was accompanied by ultra‐low‐frequency (ULF) wave activities at higher L‐shells, and chorus waves observed at outer L‐shells provided conditions for relativistic electron flux recovery to the prestorm levels. Key Points A 5‐day dropout of relativistic electrons occurred during two sequential geomagnetic storms Slow outward diffusion was responsible for relativistic electron partial loss at 4 < L < 5 and complete loss at L > 5 Flux recovery started at higher L prior to that at lower L due to ULF and chorus waves