Display omitted ► The preparation of nanostructured transition metal nitrides is discussed. ► Recent researches of transition metal nitrides for energy conversion and storage are reviewed. ► The concept of mixed (ionic and electronic) conduction is highlighted. The research of advanced electrodes for energy storage and energy conversion has been an important strategy to satisfy the ever increasing need for future electrochemical power sources. In this review, we describe the recent studies on the preparation and application of nanostructured transition metal nitrides as alternative electrode materials. We also highlight the design of nanostructured materials needed to balance the electronic and ionic conduction, which are of great importance for achieving enhanced performance of electrode in electrochemical devices. By providing this brief survey, we aim to illustrate that transition metal nitrides with proper nanostructure would result in improved electrochemical performance of electrode materials in energy storage and conversion applications.