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Simon, Adèle; Bech, Søren; Loquet, Gérard; Østergaard, Jan
European journal of neuroscience/EJN. European journal of neuroscience, April 2024, 2024-Apr, 2024-04-00, 20240401, Letnik: 59, Številka: 8Journal Article
Linear models are becoming increasingly popular to investigate brain activity in response to continuous and naturalistic stimuli. In the context of auditory perception, these predictive models can be ‘encoding’, when stimulus features are used to reconstruct brain activity, or ‘decoding’ when neural features are used to reconstruct the audio stimuli. These linear models are a central component of some brain–computer interfaces that can be integrated into hearing assistive devices (e.g., hearing aids). Such advanced neurotechnologies have been widely investigated when listening to speech stimuli but rarely when listening to music. Recent attempts at neural tracking of music show that the reconstruction performances are reduced compared with speech decoding. The present study investigates the performance of stimuli reconstruction and electroencephalogram prediction (decoding and encoding models) based on the cortical entrainment of temporal variations of the audio stimuli for both music and speech listening. Three hypotheses that may explain differences between speech and music stimuli reconstruction were tested to assess the importance of the speech‐specific acoustic and linguistic factors. While the results obtained with encoding models suggest different underlying cortical processing between speech and music listening, no differences were found in terms of reconstruction of the stimuli or the cortical data. The results suggest that envelope‐based linear modelling can be used to study both speech and music listening, despite the differences in the underlying cortical mechanisms. This study compared the performance of cortical linear modelling during naturalistic listening to different types of sound by using both encoding and decoding modelling approaches based on the envelope of speech and music. The results suggest that differences may exist between the listening processes. However, the performance of the modelling accuracy is comparable between speech and music.
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