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Shin, KyeongMin; Lim, GyeongDong; Hong, Young-Seoub; Kim, SoNam; Hwang, SoRyeon; Lee, JaeHee; Sin, SoJung; Cho, AhRang; Kim, YeonGyeong; Gautam, Ravi; Jo, JiHun; Acharya, Manju; Maharjan, Anju; Lee, DaEun; K C, Pramod B.; Kim, ChangYul; Heo, Yong; Kim, Hyoung-Ah
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 11/2021, Letnik: 84, Številka: 21Journal Article
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders, and their incidence is increasing worldwide. Increased exposure to environmental metal lead (Pb) has been proposed as a risk factor associated with ASD. In the present study, BTBR T+ tf/J (BTBR) mice with ASD-like behavioral characteristics and control FVB mice were exposed gestationally and/or neonatally to Pb, and compared with highly social FVB mice to investigate neuroimmunological abnormalities. IgG1 and IgG2a levels in fetal brains from BTBR dams exposed to Pb (BTBR-Pb) were significantly higher than those of BTBR-controls (BTBR-C). However, this change did not occur in FVB mice exposed to Pb. The IgG1:IgG2a ratio was higher in both fetal and postnatal brains of BTBR mice compared to FVB animals regardless of Pb exposure. The IL-4:IFN-γ ratio was elevated in BTBR-Pb relative to BTBR-C mice, but this ratio was not markedly affected following Pb exposure in FVB animals. These findings suggest the potential for a Pb-driven predominant T H 2-like reactivity profile in brain microenvironment present in BTBR mice. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor was decreased in fetal and postnatal BTBR-Pb brains relative to BTBR-C brains but not in FVB-Pb relative to FVB-C mice. Taken together, data demonstrate that Pb exposure might contribute to developmental brain abnormalities associated with ASD, particularly in individuals with genetic susceptibility to ASD.
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