There is currently no cure for muscular dystrophies, although several promising strategies are in basic and clinical research. One such strategy is cell transplantation with satellite cells (or their myoblast progeny) to repair damaged muscle and provide dystrophin protein with the aim of preventing subsequent myofibre degeneration and repopulating the stem cell niche for future use. The present review aims to cover recent advances in satellite cell/myoblast therapy and to discuss the challenges that remain for it to become a realistic therapy. There is currently no cure for muscular dystrophies, although several promising strategies are under investigation. One such strategy is transplantation of satellite cells, or their myoblast progeny, to repair and regenerate muscle fibres and repopulate the stem cell niche. We review recent advances in satellite cell/myoblast therapy and discuss the challenges that remain for it to become a realistic therapy.