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  • Anthropogenic Bromoform at ...
    Jia, Yue; Hahn, Josefine; Quack, Birgit; Jones, Edward; Brehon, Meghan; Tegtmeier, Susann

    Geophysical research letters, 16 May 2023, Letnik: 50, Številka: 9
    Journal Article

    Bromoform (CHBr3) contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion but is not regulated under the Montreal Protocol due to its short lifetime and large natural sources. Here, we show that anthropogenic sources contribute significantly to the amount of CHBr3 transported into the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical stratosphere. We present a new CHBr3 emission inventory comprised of natural and anthropogenic sources, with the latter estimated from ship ballast, power plant cooling and desalination plant brine water. Including anthropogenic sources in the new inventory increases CHBr3 emissions by up to 31.5% globally and 70.5% in the NH. In consequence, atmospheric CHBr3 is also significantly higher, especially over the NH extratropics during boreal winter. Here anthropogenic sources enhance bromine at the tropopause by 0.9 ppt Br, thus doubling natural CHBr3 abundances. For some latitudes, tropopause bromine increases by 2.4 ppt Br suggesting significant contributions of anthropogenic CHBr3 to the NH lowermost stratosphere. Plain Language Summary Halogen‐containing compounds are emitted at the Earth's surface and transported into the stratosphere, where they contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer. Emissions of long‐lived halogen compounds such as CFC‐11 have been reduced following the implementation of the Montreal Protocol and its later adjustments. Emissions of short‐lived halogen‐containing compounds, on the other hand, are currently not regulated. Within this group, bromoform (CHBr3) is one of the most abundant compounds and has been known to have mostly natural sources. In this study, we present a new data set of CHBr3 emissions which includes anthropogenic sources from industrial water use. We show that these anthropogenic sources increase global CHBr3 emissions by one‐third. Our results also suggest that the anthropogenic emissions contribute significantly to the amount of CHBr3 transported into the stratosphere over the Northern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes. Key Points A new CHBr3 emission inventory based on natural and anthropogenic sources suggests that the latter account for 12%–28% of the global emissions In the NH, new anthropogenic estimates increase known natural CHBr3 emissions by up to 70.5%, leading to higher atmospheric CHBr3 levels At the NH extratropical tropopause, CHBr3 is enhanced by 0.9 ppt Br due to anthropogenic sources thus doubling natural CHBr3 abundances