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  • Synthesis and Evaluation of...
    Schneider, Nicholas O; Gilreath, Kendra; Burkett, Daniel J; St Maurice, Martin; Donaldson, William A

    Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 05/2024, Letnik: 17, Številka: 5
    Journal Article

    Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a serine/threonine kinase which plays a center role in the phosphorylation of a wide variety of proteins, generally leading to their inactivation. As such, GSK-3 is viewed as a therapeutic target. An ever-increasing number of small organic molecule inhibitors of GSK-3 have been reported. Phenylmethylene hydantoins are known to exhibit a wide range of inhibitory activities including for GSK-3β. A family of fourteen 2-heterocycle substituted methylene hydantoins ( , - ) were prepared and evaluated for the inhibition of GSK-3β at 25 μM. The IC values of five of these compounds was determined; the two best inhibitors are 5-(4'-chloro-2-pyridinyl)methylenehydantoin (IC = 2.14 ± 0.18 μM) and 5-(6'-bromo-2-pyridinyl)methylenehydantoin (IC = 3.39 ± 0.16 μM). The computational docking of the compounds with GSK-3β (pdb 1q41) revealed poses with hydrogen bonding to the backbone at Val135. The 5-(heteroaryl)methylenehydantoins did not strongly inhibit other metalloenzymes, demonstrating poor inhibitory activity against matrix metalloproteinase-12 at 25 μM and against human carbonic anhydrase at 200 μM, and were not inhibitors for pyruvate carboxylase at concentrations >1000 μM.