A comprehensive analysis of indicators of the state of the body between training and recovery allows a comprehensive evaluation of various aspects of health, athletic performance, and recovery. In this pilot study, an assessment of the metabolomic profile of athletes was performed, and the immunological reaction of the athlete’s body to food before exercise and 48 h after exercise was studied. As a result, 15 amino acids and 3 hormones were identified, the plasma levels of which differed between the training and recovery states. In addition, immunological reactions or hyperreactivity to food allergens were assessed using an enzyme immunoassay. It is likely that for the athletes in the study sample, 48 h is not enough time for the complete recovery of the body.